Emulsifying Mixer

Perform installation Qualification. Verify equipment identification, required documents, utilities, component materials, drawings, and manuals. 

Perform general operational controls verification testing. 

Operate system throughout the range of operating design specifications, or range of intended use, at fixed speed. Verify switches and push-buttons, rotator direction, and motor variable speed. 

Verify that all safety devices of the emulsifying mixer are operating as specified in the manual. 

Verify that recommended lubricants are used during machine operation. 

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High-shear stirrers can be a useful way of mixing components, but they often draw in air and can destroy added emulsions. Mixing can also be done through an external circulating loop with an in-line pump or emulsifying mixer. All systems should ideally be connected to a clean-in-place (c.i.p.) system. 

Antifoam may be added to the relevant solution in the vessel directly by weighing out the relevant quantity onto a microscope sUde coverslip. This method has the disadvantage that dispersal of the antifoam and foam generation occur simultaneously. Preferably, therefore, the antifoam should be predispersed using ultrasonics or a suitable emulsifier/mixer (such as an Ultraturrax ) and the dispersal characterized (by light scattering or optical microscopy). The effect of antifoam on the foam as a function of concentration can then be readily determined by dilution of the dispersion with the surfactant solution. 

Fig. 36. Examples of specially designed mixers (a) draft tube circulator, (b) airlift with draft tube, (c) Fluidics vortex mixer, and (d) mixer emulsifier.

Each cell in the extraction system presented in Fig. 122 is called a mixer-settler extractor and is made up of two parts. The role of the first part, the mixer, is to emulsify the incoming aqueous and organic phases and to transfer the emulsion to the second part of the extractor-settler cell. The purpose of the settler is to stratify the phases and enable the separation of the two liquids. 

In the early 1970s Li [13] proposed a method that is now called Emulsion (surfactant) Liquid Membrane (ELM) or Double Emulsion Membrane (DEM) (Fig. 3). The name reveals that the three liquid system is stabilized by an emulsifier, the amount of which reaches as much as 5 % or more with respect to the membrane liquid. The receiving phase R, which usually has a smaller volume than the donor solution, F of similar nature, is finally dispersed in the intermediate phase, M. In the next step the donor solution F is contacted with the emulsion. For this purpose, the emulsion is dispersed in the donor solution F by gentle mixing typically in a mixer-settler device. After this step, the emulsion is separated and broken. The enriched acceptor solution is further processed and the membrane liquid M is fed back for reuse. 

Centrifugal Contactors. These devices have large capacities per unit, short residence times, and small holdup. They can handle systems that emulsify easily or have small density differences or large interfacial tensions or need large ratios of solvent to feed. Some types are employed as separators of mixtures made in other equipment, others as both mixers and settlers, and some as differential contactors. 

Mix 2 mL of the RIP solution with 2 mL of Freund s complete adjuvant and emulsify, using a high-speed mixer. 

Heavy Duty Laboratory Mixer Emulsifier, Model L4RT-A, Silverson Machines Ltd., Waterside Chesham, Bucks., England, HP5 1PQ. 

A form of liquid membrane that received a great deal of attention in the 1970s and 1980s was the bubble or emulsion membrane, first developed by Li at Exxon [11-13], Figure 11.14 is a schematic illustration of an emulsion liquid membrane process, which comprises four main operations. First, fresh product solution is emulsified in the liquid organic membrane phase. This water/oil emulsion then enters a large mixer vessel, where it is again emulsified to form a water/oil/water emulsion. Metal ions in the feed solution permeate by coupled... 

Although emulsion degradation must be avoided in the mixer and settler tanks, complete and rapid breakdown is required in the de-emulsifier in which the... 

Place 130 mLof neutralized olive oil and 400 mL of gum arabic (solution a) in a mixer bowl. Emulsify the mixture at high speed for 15 nun beeping the temperature of the mixture below StrC The quality of the emulsion should be checked microscopically 90% of the droplrts should have a diameter of 2 3 pm or less, and the diameter of the remaining 10% should not exceed 10 pm. 

These particles require no activation, but can be made super-fine by stirring a 10% suspension in 0.1 M NaHCOs, pH 8.5-9, with a high-speed mixer (e.g., Silverson Laboratory Mixer-Emulsifier). 

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