Emissions performance

Additional simulations show that the cold-start emission performance of a close-coupled converter is also much less sensitive to poisoning than that of an underfloor converter (results not shown). These results suggest that optimizing the converter location provides an effective means of improving cold-start emission performance at lower noble metal loadings. 

Legislative restrictions on pollutant emissions have motivated the combustion community to seek new low-emission combustion techniques that are practical industrial energy sources. However, to meet the needs in most industrial applications, a combustion source needs to be able to maintain low-emission output over a range of heat release rates, occupy minimal volume, and have low operating costs per unit energy produced. One would like to maximize the turn-down ratio, volumetric heat release, and overall thermal efficiency while minimizing NOa , CO, and hydrocarbon emission levels. The ultra-low NO, emission performance of the CSC has been previously documented by the authors and its... 

Figure 12.4 Emission performances of a GElO-1 (11 MWe) GT equipped with a catalytic combustor. Taken from [22].

This configuration requires major design modification of the combustion with respect to the pilot burner, but has provided better emission performance NO, ... 

Sjodin, A., On-Road Emission Performance of Late-Model TWC-Cars As Measured by Remote Sensing, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 44, 397-404 (1994). 

J. E. Kubsh and P. W. Lissuik, Vehicle Emission Performance with an Electrically Heated Converter System, SAE 912385, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1991. 

Engine and vehicle technologies normally achieve their best emissions performance with high quality fuels. One property on which a great deal of attention has focussed is the sulphur content, partly because of the need to reduce PM and SO2 emissions and partly because fuel sulphur has an adverse effect on certain types of engine and exhaust after-treatment technology. In Europe the controls on fuel... 

Signage is not required to meet any flammability or smoke-emission performance criteria specified in this Appendix. 

J Materials used to fabricate miscellaneous, discontinuous small parts (such as knobs, rollers, fasteners, clips, grommets, and small electrical parts) that will not contribute materially to fire growth in end-use configuration are exempt from flammability and smoke emission performance requirements, provided that the surface area of any individual small part is less than 16in.2 (100 cm2) in end-use configuration and an appropriate fire hazard analysis is conducted which addresses the location and quantity of the materials used, and the vulnerability of the materials to ignition and contribution to flame spread. 

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