Emission test methods

Polyurethanes Expo 99. Conference proceedings. Orlando, FI., 12th-15th Sept. 1999, p.461-8 VALIDATION OF TWO TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE EMISSION TEST METHODS USING EPA METHOD 301 Burdette J W Weston R.F.,Inc. 

Standardized Methods for Testing Emissions of Organic Vapors Table 6.1 List of prominent standard material emissions test methods and protocols. 

The challenge of harmonizing multiple existing and nonuniform emissions test methods/protocols is perhaps the most difficult of all to address because of the vested interests that are invariably involved. However, if things are left unchecked,... 

Standard Test Methods on the other hand, specify procedures for carrying out measurements. In the case of emissions testing, methods are usually broken down into multiple separate sections covering sampling frequency, sample collection and preparation, emissions testing and vapor analysis (see below.) Test methods may also include lists of target compounds or compounds that are commonly... 

Emissions Test Methods for VOCs An Overview of Basic Principles 133... 

Continuing with the above example of ER3 of the European Construction Products Directive horizontal emissions test methods (i.e., applicable to multiple product types) have been developed by CEN and ISO for compliance with the CPD and are now available as parts 6, 9,10 and 11 of EN/ISO standard 16000 (see Table 6.1). Furthermore, a program of work led by CEN TC351 has now been instigated under European Council Mandate M/366 to amalgamate and validate these standards. Once this work is completed (estimated 2010) it is understood that chemical emissions testing will become a mandatory part of CE marking for construction products. 

Test or Certification Protocols and/or Product Standards are similar to standard test methods but include additional criteria (requirements). Typical test protocols or product standards specify which emission test method should be used, when it should be carried out (for example 3 days, 12 days or 28 days after the sample has been placed in the test apparatus), a list of target compounds (i.e., which compounds or groups of compounds are to be measured) and pass/fail criteria (i.e., limit levels for emissions above which a product would fail the certification process because one or more compounds are being emitted from that product material at an unacceptably high rate.)... 

As outlined above, conventional emission test methods for vapor-phase... 

Recently, the need for additional secondary ( initial or screening ) methods, to complement formal (certification) emissions test methods, has been recognized... 

Many standard emissions test methods and protocols require measurement of the TVOC emission rate in addition to that of individual compounds. This is usually obtained from the GC data by summing the masses of every individual analyte which elutes within a particular range (typically n-C6 to n-C16), on a nonpolar capillary GC column. Detailed procedures for this vary, with some protocols calling for individual measurements to be made by FID, others by MS. Similarly some protocols require individual compounds to be calibrated using authentic standards (i.e., standards of each specific compound found) while others allow measurements of all the individual compounds which contribute to a TVOC data point to all be calibrated as toluene (that is, in toluene equivalents ). 

Conventional materials emissions test methods are usually carried out using small test chambers or cells with samples prepared and presented to the air flow within the chamber/cell as they would be to room air in real use. Operating parameters (temperature, humidity, etc.) are selected to simulate the indoor environment and are summarized in Table 6.2. 

If the additional variables of sample selection, transport and preparation and chamber/cell emissions testing are taken into account, overall uncertainty for emissions testing methods is likely to be in the range 30-50%, even with best practice. Pass/fail criteria in associated test protocols and product standards, must take this into account. 

This bulletin board system provides an information and technology exchange for the different aspects of air pollution control including emission test methods, air quality models, and regulatory information. 

When flaws or cracks grow, minute amounts of elastic energy are released and propagate in the material as an acoustic wave. Sensors placed on the surface of the material can detect these acoustic waves, providing information about the location and rate of flaw growth. These principles form the basis for the acoustic emission test method. 

Regulations limiting the concentration of benzene and the total aromatic content of finished gasoline have been established for 1995 and beyond in order to reduce the ozone reactivity and toxicity of automotive evaporative and exhaust emissions. Test methods to determine benzene and the aromatic content of gasoline are necessary to assess product quality and to meet new fuel regulations. 

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