EMI/EMC

If one passes one country s EMI/EMC specification, it is likely that the product will have no trouble in passing another country s requirements. 

VCCI label, for Voluntary Control Council for Interference) is completely voluntary (as the name itself suggests). But we must realize that all such EMI/EMC/Safety marks, whether required by regional/national laws or not, are increasingly perceived by the market as an indication of product quality. Thus, though in theory some of these may be voluntary, in practice, marketing pressures may make them inevitable. 

There are, however, many and various threats to the independence of the channels of redundant systems. Many of which, should they become manifest, may lead to failures at higher rates than would be forecast by derivation from the failure rates of the component channels alone (Lloyd and Tye, 1982, p. 73). Although most critical systems employ redundancy techniques, it will be found on examination that many of them have a single cause (e.g. EMI/EMC), or common point (e.g. common bus-bar or common controller) that could cause multiple failures. In many cases this single element is readily obvious, but this is not always the case. 

Make appropriate use of alternative technologies (e.g. using fire-optics to transmit data as protection from EMI/EMC). 

EMI/EMC Could cause display of hazardously misleading information Any aircraft electrical systems Any Passenger Electronic Devices Cata- strophic Extremely Improbable Conduct EMI/EMC tests for to evaluate aircraft system compatibility. Restrict use of PED until further notice. TBD TBD - EMI/ EMC report required... 

The system definition is utilised to analyse the implications of the change on the system and identify detailed requirements against the deliverables, including, Systems Safety, RAM, Human Factors, Operational Readiness, EMI/EMC and Performance. 

With ever increasing intensity of researeh in material seience coupled with computational capabilities, with tremendous inerease of eommodity produets involving electronic circuits and signals and with more awareness of environmental, health, seeurity and safety hazards due to electromagnetic emissions, researeh on EMI, EMC and EMI shielding is intensifying like never before. Fibrous materials as a substrate or component of effective shield have interesting potential due to the unique features of textile stmeture. 

It can be seen from Figure 13 that the results meet the standard GB 12668.3, EN 55022A and lEC 61800 (Adjustable speed electrical power drive system—Part 3 EMC requirements and specific test methods) after using the new EMI filter. 

CDRH receives many inquiries from healthcare organizations, medical device manufacturers, clinicians, and the public seeking information about experiences with and prevention of electromagnetic interference (EMI) with medical devices. The following information is intended to help minimize the risks associated with medical device EMI and promote EMC in healthcare facilities. Some recommendations for healthcare facilities to follow include the following ... 

Managing the electromagnetic environment, RF transmitters, and all electrical and electronic equipment, including medical devices, to reduce the risk of medical device EMI and achieve EMC... 

Educating healthcare facility staff, contractors, visitors, and patients about EMC and EMI and how they can recognize medical device EMI and help minimize EMI risks Establishing and implementing written policies and procedures that document the intentions and methods of the healthcare institution for reducing the risk of medical device EMI and achieving EMC... 

Differential mode On a wire pair when the voltages or currents are of opposite polarity. Electromagnetic compatibilty (EMC) Operation of equipments and systems in their installed environments which cause no unfavorable response to or by other equipments and systems in same. Electroms etic environmental effects (E3) Abroad umbrella term used to cover EMC, EMI, RFl, electromagnetic pulse (EMP), electrostatic discharge (ESD), radiation hazards (RADHAZ), Hghtning, and the Hke. 

Kakad, A. 1995. ePTFE gaskets A competitive alternate, emf-emi control Journal (Jan.-Feb.) ll. Mardiguian, M. Electromagnetic Shielding, Vol. 3, EMC handbook series. EEC Press. 

With the extensive use of plastics in devices such as computers, medical devices, and communication equipment the issue of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) exists that in turn relate to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio-frequency interference (RFI). 

EMC electromagnetic compatibility EMI electromagnetic interference EMS environmental management system... 

Yenni, D.M., Jr. and Baker, M.G. (1996) One Step Thermo Formable EMI Shielding, The International Journal of EMC (ITEM) Directory and Design Guide. 

Educating healthcare facility staff, contractors, visitors, and patients abont EMC and EMI and how they can recognize medical device EMI and help minimize EMI risks... 

Establishing and implementing written policies and procednres that document the intentions and methods of the healthcare institution for reducing the risk of medical device EMI and achieving EMC... 

---