Emeraldine base polyaniline formation

II. SOLUTION PROCESSING AND GEL FORMATION OF EMERALDINE BASE POLYANILINE... 

The emeraldine base form of polyaniline may also react in non-aqueous electrolytes, such as a LiClOl -propylene carbonate solution, with the formation of the conductive emeraldine hydroperchlorate salt ... 

Figure 4.6 shows the schematic diagrams of ciclodextrins, polyaniline with emeraldine base, and inclusion complex formation of cyclodextrins and a conducting polymer chain insulated molecular wire. 

Mattes, B.R., H.L. Wang, D. Yang, Y. Zhu, W.R. Blumenthal, and M.F. Hundley. 1997. Formation of conductive polyaniline fibers derived from highly concentrated emeraldine base solution. Synth... 

The formation of electrically conductive fibers of polyaniline blended with poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) processed from sulfuric acid was also reported by Hsu et al. [72]. A thoroughly mixed solution of 0.2 wt% emeraldine base and 17.6 wt% poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) was dissolved in sulfuric acid and this dope solution was extruded at 80°C through a 20-hole spinneret into a 1°C water coagulation bath. The continuous 20 filament yarns that were collected on the bobbin were thoroughly washed with water, which probably led to partial deprotonation of the emeraldine salt. However, the... 

The Cgg doped with neutral polymers such as emeraldine base of polyaniline show higher conductivities due to the charge transfer complex formation mechanism whereby the neutral polymer acts as electron donor and Cgg acts as acceptor [22]. Not only Cg, but also a combination of and can be doped with polyaniline, where the same effect of enhancement in conductivity is observed (of the order of 10 ). But, when doped polyaniline is prepared from N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP)/toluene-solution, a slightly lower conductivity is observed. The free-standing nanocomposite films possess conductivities up to 6.2 x 10 S/cm [23]. 

Fig. 9 a Emeraldine salt foim of graphene-polyanilines nanocomposite, b emeraldine base form of graphene-polyaniline nanocomposites, c formation of CPs wrapping around graphene [63] (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [63] Copyright (2013) by Elsevier)... 

For example, the investigations of the current-generating mechanism for the polyaniline (PANI) electrode have shown that at least within the main range of potential AEn the "capacitor" model of ion electrosorption/ desorption in well conducting emeraldine salt phase is more preferable. Nevertheless, the possibilities of redox processes at the limits and beyond this range of potentials AEn should be taken into account. At the same time, these processes can lead to the fast formation of thin insulation passive layers of new poorly conducting phases (leucoemeraldine salt, leucoemeraldine base, etc.) near the current collector (Figure 7). The formation of such phases even in small amounts rapidly inhibits and discontinues the electrochemical process. 

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