Embryonic central nervous system

Zakany, J., Tuggle, C. K., Patel, M. D and Nguyen-Huu, C. M. (1988). Spatial regulation of homeobox gene fusions in the embryonic central nervous system. Neuron 1 679-691. 

The cell cycle machinery and asymmetric cell division of neural progenitors in the Drosophila embryonic central nervous system... 

Bossing T, Udolph G, Doe CQ, Technau G 1996 The embryonic central nervous system lineages of Drosophila melanogaster. I. Neuroblast lineages derived from the ventral half of the neuroectoderm. Dev Biol 179 41-64... 

Buescher M, Yeo SL, Udolph G et al 1998 Binary sibling neuronal cell fate decisions in the Drosophila embryonic central nervous system are non-stochastic and require inscuteable-mediated asymmetry of ganglion mother cells. Genes Dev 12 1858-1870... 

Compagnone NA, Bulfone A, Rubenstein JL, Mellon SH. 1995. Steroidogenic enzyme P450c 17 is expressed in the embryonic central nervous system. Endocrinology 136 5212-5223. 

Pompeiano, M., Blaschke, A.J., Flavell, R.A., Srinivasan, A., Chun, J. (2000). Decreased apoptosis in proliferative and postmitotic regions of the Caspase 3-deficient embryonic central nervous system. J Comp Neurol, 423, 1-12. 

Xue, Z., Gehring, W.J. le Douaria N.M. (1991). Quox-1, a quail homeobox gene expressed in the embryonic central nervous system, including the forebrain. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 88, 2427-31. 

Figure 2.15 MS spectrum (532->453->) of GP-tagged 24S,25-epoxycholesterol. The spectrum was recorded on an LTQ Orbitrap XL. (Reproduced with permission from Wang, Y. et al, 2009, Targeted Lipidomic Analysis of Oxysterols in the Embryonic Central Nervous System, Mol. Biosyst. May 5 529-41.)...

Sialosyllactosylceramide (GM3) is one of the major gangliosicles found in visceral organs. However, in the central nervous system, the concentration of this ganglioside is so low that it can only be considered to be the precursor for various complex gangliosides. A sialosyl-transferase that catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-NeuAc to lactosylceramide was first described in the embryonic chicken-brain by Basu107 and Kaufman and coworkers,108 and in the brain of... 

The gastrointestinal tract is the only system outside the central nervous system (CNS) with significant concentrations of opioid receptors. This reflects their common embryonic origins. Opioids increase intestinal tone and decrease propulsive peristalsis, resulting in delayed gastric emptying and constipation or ileus. Opioids increase common bile duct pressure and decrease bile production and flow, primarily because of spasm of the sphincter of Oddi. The tone of the bile duct itself is also increased. 

Determine whether implantation of embryonic neural tissue is a biologically viable method of alleviating the consequences of toxic damage prolonged in the central nervous system by trimethyl tin. 

Cancer is uncommon during the first two decades of life, but is nonetheless a substantial concern. In the United States, cancer is diagnosed in approximately 12 400 children and adolescents annually and is the most common cause of death from any kind of disease between 1 and 19 years of age. In the United States and other developed countries, lymphoid neoplasms (leukaemia, lymphoma) and cancers of the central nervous system are the most common paediatric malignancies. Other kinds of childhood tumours include embryonal tumours of the retina, sympathetic nervous system, kidney, and liver tumours of bone and soft connective tissues and certain gonadal neoplasms. Different kinds of cancer (e.g. carcinomas of liver or thyroid) may predominate in children in parts of the world where specific environmental risk factors are more prevalent. 

Blaschke AJ, Weiner JA, Chun J. 1998. Programmed cell death is a universal feature of embryonic and postnatal neuro-proliferative regions throughout the central nervous system. J Comp Neurol 396 39-50. 

SAFETY PROFILE A poison by intravenous and subcutaneous routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Human teratogenic effects by an unspecified route developmental abnormalities of the central nervous system effects on embryo or fetus fetal death, extra embryonic structures. Human reproductive effects by an unspecified route stillbirth. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. 

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