Embryonal cytotoxicity

Mc2Sn(cap) and Et2Sn(cap) do not affect the embryonic development Bu2Sn(cap) and Bu2Sn(cap) exert toxic activity on C. intestinalis embryos in the early stages of development. This toxicity is concentration-dependent and is related to the lipophilic properties of the complexes. Cytotoxic... 

The biological impact of starch capped copper nanoparticles on mouse embryonic fibroblast (3T3L1) cells in vitro) was also evaluated by various parameters. More than 85 % of the 3T3Llcells were found to be viable, even after 20 hours time exposure which implies minimum impact on cell viability and morphology. The study demonstrates dose dependent cytotoxic potential of SCuNPs, that is non cytotoxic in the nanogram dose and moderately cytotoxic in the microgram doses (Fig. 10). Comparison of SCuNPs with Cu ions and uncapped copper nanoparticles (UCuNPs) revealed that, ions are more cytotoxic than SCuNPs. This observation supports the theory of slow release of ions from starch coated nanoparticles. 

In oncology, to study the relationship between the normal and the tumour cell, to detect tumour-associated antigens (CEA, carcino-embryonic antigen, and AFP, a-fetoprotein) and subsequently to enable cancer therapy to be monitored, to locate tumour metastases, and to deliver cytotoxic drugs, toxins, radionuclides, or liposomes to tumour cells. 

A role for a collagenase, presumably fibroblast-type collagenase, in bone resorption has been indicated by studies employing the Searle A-carboxyl alkyl synthetic collagenase inhibitor CI-1 (compound (197) in Table 8.18) and its less potent stereoisomer CI-2 (compound (198) in Table 8.18) [207]. Cultured embryonic mouse calvaria treated with parathyroid hormone exhibit loss of calcium and show pronounced collagen resorption. CI-1 inhibited the collagen resorption in a dose-dependent manner at significantly lower concentrations than CI-2, but had only a small effect on calcium loss. This inhibitory effect was reversible and not due to inhibitor cytotoxicity. 

Figure 22. Human embryonic kidney cells (A), rat vascular smooth muscle cells (B, C) and human osteoblast-like MG 63 cells (D) in cultures on micropattemed surfaces. A, B PTFE irradiated with UV light produced by a Xe2 -excimer lamp for 30 min in an ammonia atmosphere through a mask with holes 100 pm in diameter and center-to-center distance 300 pm C PE irradiated with Ar ions (energy 150 keV, ion dose lO ions/cm ) through a mask with holes 100 pm in diameter and center-to-center distance 200 pm fullerenes Qo deposited through a mask with rectangular holes with an average size of 128 3 pm per 98 8 pm on glass coverslips. Day 7 after seeding. A native cells in an inverted phase-contrast microscope B, C cells stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Olympus microscope IX 50 D cells stained with fluorescence-based LIVE/DEAD viability/cytotoxicity kit (Invitrogen), Olympus microscope IX 50. Bars 300 pm (A), 200 pm (B, D), Imm (C) [10,11].

A modified version of the ECVAM-approved embryonic stem cell test (EST) (52) was recently developed by Hunter and coworkers in NHEERL (31). This assay is capable of quantitatively assessing cytotoxicity and cardiomyocyte differentiation and was used to test the ToxCast Phase I chemical library (32). Briefly, male murine J1 mES cells were seeded onto gelatin-coated 96-well plates at a known density in differentiation media on day 0. On day 1, cells were treated with chemicals ranging from 0.0125 to 12.5 pM, and on day 9 In-Cell Western (Li-Cor Biosciences) assays were assayed for a- and P-cardiac Myosin Heavy Chain (MYH6/MYH7)... 

Barrier M, Jeffay S, Nichols HP, Chandler KJ, Hoopes MR, Slentz-Kesler K, Himter ES 111 (2011) Mouse embryonic stem cell adherent cell differentiation and cytotoxicity (ACDC) assay. Reprod Toxicol 31 383-391... 

Chandler KJ, Barrier M, Jeffay S, Nichols HP, Kleinstreuer NC, Singh AV, Reif DM, Sipes NS, Judson RS, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Hunter ES 111, Knudsen TB (2011) Evaluation of 309 environmental chemicals using a mouse embryonic stem ceU adherent cell differentiation and cytotoxicity assay. PLoS One 6(6) el8540... 

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