Differential media

Selective and differential media Chemotaxonomic methods Biochemical tests... 

A modified version of the ECVAM-approved embryonic stem cell test (EST) (52) was recently developed by Hunter and coworkers in NHEERL (31). This assay is capable of quantitatively assessing cytotoxicity and cardiomyocyte differentiation and was used to test the ToxCast Phase I chemical library (32). Briefly, male murine J1 mES cells were seeded onto gelatin-coated 96-well plates at a known density in differentiation media on day 0. On day 1, cells were treated with chemicals ranging from 0.0125 to 12.5 pM, and on day 9 In-Cell Western (Li-Cor Biosciences) assays were assayed for a- and P-cardiac Myosin Heavy Chain (MYH6/MYH7)... 

HuCNS-SC isolation and differentiation. Antibody-sorted cells expressing the stem-cell marker CD133 increased 1000-fold in population after five passages. CD133 cells retained their ability to re-initiate neurosphere formation when plated in differentiating media 437290... 

The immense research effort focused on more functional culture and differentiation media has greatly facilitated the use of primary cells. Most of this research is now devoted to the formulation and validation of new media and protocols for the differentiation of stem cells into specific cell lineages. This relatively new field still needs support in terms of strongly validated and reproducible protocols for differentiation and related media formulation that will promote differentiation. 

Most studies to screen for biogenic amine-producing lactic acid bacteria use differential media that contain the precursor amino acid and a pH indicator. This indicator, usually purple bromocresol, will change colour when the medium is alkalinized and this colour change will be observed in the medium if the lactic acid bacteria produce amines (Bover-Cid and Holzapfel 1999 Choudhury et al. 1990 Maijala 1993). 

Differential media contain chemicals or additives which allow similar microorganisms to be differentiated from each other. A typical example would be the addition of blood from various species to nutrient agar, to distinguish different types of streptococci. 

Differential media these distinguish colonies of specific microbes from others. When a culture medium containing certain substances helps to distinguish the differing properties of different bacteria, it is called differential media, e.g., MacConkey agar. It is also an indicator medium. It contains peptone, agar, lactose, sodium taurocholate and nentral red. The lactose fermenters form pink colonies while non-lactose fermenters produce colourless or pale colonies. Blood agar it serves both as an enriched as well as an indicator medium and shows different types of haemolysis. 

Selective-differential media some media have both properties, e.g., MacConkey agar. It is selective as it contains crystal violet and bile salts which inhibit the growth of bacteria other than coliforms. It is differential as it contains neutral red and lactose, which is degraded by coliforms to acid and is detected due to a change in pH. At acidic pH, colourless neutral red becomes red and the colonies develop a red colour. Shigella and Salmonella colonies remain colourless and therefore can be easily distinguished [9,11]. 

Several methods have been developed for the differentiation of yeasts. Traditional platting techniques may be adapted using selective and/or differential platting media. Such media have been developed for Zygosaccharomyces bailii, the most important of all food spoilage yeasts. However, yeast differentiation by differential media is poorly developed when compared with similar works applied to bacteria. Other phenotyping methods include conventional yeast identification by means of assimilation or fermentation tests and the use of morphological characteristics. Conventional methods are not suited to industrial laboratories even when these procedures are automated and computerized. 

At Day 3, collect EBs by gravity pelleting and refresh hPSC differentiation media again including 10 ng/mL Bmp4, 3 ng/ mL Activin A, and 5 ng/mL bFGF (see Note 2). 

---