Embryogenesis

CYP1B1 is also expressed in the fetus in multiple tissues, particularly in thymus, spleen, kidney, and adrenal. A null CYP1B1 phenotype in humans has been associated with appearance of primary congenital glaucoma. Consistent with an important endogenous role for this enzyme in development of the eye, CYP1B1—which, in addition to biotransformation of xenobiotics, is also capable of metabolizing retinoid and sex steroids—is expressed in embryonic ocular tissues. 

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A. Zamarripa and co-workers, "Mass Propagation of Coffea spp. by Somatic Embryogenesis in Liquid Medium," in Ref. 40. 

Disruption of thyroid functions in vertebrates has been suggested to constitute a potential threat to many vital functions. For example, there is a possibility that disruption to the thyroid hormone levels during embryogenesis could result in disturbed behaviour patterns in the adult form, possibly interfering with migration in certain species and sonar functions in cetaceans. In anurans, thyroid hormones are essential for initiating metamorphosis. ... 

Testosterone, the principal male sex steroid hormone, is synthesized in five steps from cholesterol, as shown below. In the last step, five isozymes catalyze the 17/3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase reactions that interconvert 4-androstenedione and testosterone. Defects in the synthesis or action of testosterone can impair the development of the male phenotype during embryogenesis and cause the disorders of human sexuality termed male pseudohermaphroditism. Specifically, mutations in isozyme 3 of the 17/3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the fetal testis impair the for-... 

Vitamin A (retinol) and its naturally occurring and synthetic derivatives, collectively referred to as retinoids (chemical structure), exert a wide variety of profound effects in apoptosis, embryogenesis, reproduction, vision, and regulation of inflammation, growth, and differentiation of normal and neoplastic cells in vertebrates. 

Bedard, P.A. Brandhorst, B.P. (1986). T ranslational activation of maternal mRN A encoding the shock protein hsp90 during sea urchin embryogenesis. Dev. Biol. 117, 286-293. 

Abdullah, R., Cocking, E.C. Thompson, J.A. (1986). Efficient plant regeneration from rice protoplasts through somatic embryogenesis. Biol Technology, 4, 1087-90. 

Fjeld E, Haugen TO, Vollestad LA. 1998. Permanent impairment in the feeding behavior of grayling (Thymallus thymallus) exposed to methyhnercury during embryogenesis. Sci Total Envhon 213 247-254. 

Evidence for the involvement of a Cdc2/Cyc B complex in the mitotic stages of germ cell development comes from studies in Drosophila. Cyc B transcripts are abundant and uniformly distributed in the early Drosophila embryo (Whitfield et al., 1989, 1990 Lehner and O Farrell, 1990b). Maternally derived Cyc B transcripts are also concentrated at the posterior pole of the oocyte. Later, during embryogenesis, Cyc B tran-... 

Chapman, D. L., and Wolgemuth, D. J. (1993). Isolation of the murine cyclin B2cDNA and characterization of the lineage and temporal specifity of expression of the B1 and B2 cyclins during oogenesis, spermatogenesis, and early embryogenesis. Development 118 229-240. 

Edgar, B. A., and O Farrel], P. H. (1990). The three postblastoderm cell cycles of Drosophila embryogenesis are regulated in G2 by string. Cell 62 469-480. 

Mutter, G. L Grills, G. S., and Wolgemuth, D. J. (1988). Evidence for the involvement of the proto-oncogene c-mos in mammalian meiotic maturation and possibly very early embryogenesis. EMBO J. 7 683-689. 

Whitfield, W. G. F., Gonzalez, C., Sanchez-Herrero, E., and Glover, D. M. (1989). Transcripts of one of two Drosophila cyclin genes become localized in pole cells during embryogenesis. Nature 338 337-340. 

Bray, S. J., and Kafatos, F. C. (1991). Developmental function of elf-1 an essential transcription factor during embryogenesis in Drosophila. Genes Dev. 9 1672-1683. 

Carroll, S. B., and Scott, M. P. (1985). Localization of the fushi taraga protein during Drosophila embryogenesis. Cell 43 47-57. 

Joyner, A. L., and Martin, G. R. (1987). En-1 and En-2, two mouse genes with sequence homology to the Drosophila engrailed gene expression during embryogenesis. Genes Dev. 1 29-38. 

Robert, B Sassoon, D., Jacq, B Gehring, W and Buckingham, M. (1989). Hox-7, a mouse homeobox gene with a novel pattern of expression during embryogenesis. EMBO J. 8 91-100. 

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