Microspore embryogenesis

Barnabas, B., Pfahler, P. L. Kovacs, G. (1991) Direct effect of colchicine on the microspore embryogenesis to produce dihaploid plants in wheat (Triticum aestioum L.). Theor. Appl. Genet., 81,675-678. 

Liu W, Zheng MY, Polle EA. Konzak C.F. (2002). Highly efficient doubled-haploid production in wheat Triticum aestivum L.) via induced microspore embryogenesis. Grop Sci. 42 686-692. 

Touraev A, Indrianto A, Wratschko I, Vicente O. Heberle-Bors E (1996). Efficient microspore embryogenesis in wheat Triticum aestwum L.) induced by starvation at high temperature. Sex. Plant Reprod. 9 209-215. 

Conditions under which microspore embryogenesis can be induced... 

To deviate from the normal pathway of gametogenesis and for re-direction towards a pathway of embryogenesis, a microspore has to be subjected to specific conditions. The conditions that are required to induce such developmental reprogramming will obviously vary with the species, and often within a species among its genotypes or varieties also. Nevertheless, several key factors have been recognized that positively influence the microspore embryogenesis induction in a variety of plant species. In Table 1 these various... 

Broad categorization of factors influencing microspore embryogenesis Specific effects... 

Micronutrients Micronutrients play an important and sometimes a crucial role in normal plant growth and development. Deficiency symptoms arise in plants that are grown under sub-optimal levels of micronutrients. As such, the tissue culture media are also formulated with the inclusion of essential micronutrients. However, in depth studies of their influence on in vitro cell culture, particularly microspore embryogenesis, are limited. This neglect is in spite of their absolute requirement for many physiological and biochemical cellular processes, including the catalysis of enzymatic reactions. Two of the micronutrients that... 

Cellular changes that occur at the initiation of microspore embryogenesis... 

Molecular and gene expression studies on microspore embryogenesis have been largely dealt with in the four model plants wheat, barley, rapeseed and tobacco. This is mainly because of the repeatability and efficiency of the well-established pa-otocols that are available in these plant species for embryogenesis induction from cultured microspores or anthers. 

EcMt) (Reynolds and Crawford 1996). EcMt was thus indicated as a marker for microspore embryogenesis although it is also induced following Absdsic Add (ABA) treatment in diverse tissue. 

During microspore embryogenesis the up regulation of the Head Shock Protein (HSP) genes is observed, not only in response to heat stress but also other stresses applied on... 

Microspore embryogenesis occurs in a pattern of morphogenesis akin to zygotic embryo development. Based on this similarity, embryo pattern regulators such as members of the gene family 14-3-3 of barley have been observed to be up regulated, both in time and space (Maraschin et al. 2003). 

Chugh A and Eudes F. 2008. Isolated microspore embryogenesis in cereals asp>ects and prospects. In Recent advances in plant biotechnology and its applications. Ed. KH Neumann, A Kumar and SK Sopory. IK International Publishing House, Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, p 205 - 226. 

Herrera JC, Moreno LG, Acuna JR, Pena MD, Osorio D. 2002. Colchicine-induced microspore embryogenesis in coffee. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 71 89 - 92. 

Germana MA, Chiancone B, laconia C, Muleo R. 2005. The effect of light quality on anther culture of Citrus Clementina Hort. Ex Tan. Acta Physiol Plant 27(4B) 717 - 721. Gervais G, Newcomb W, Simmonds DH. 2000. Re-arrangement of actin filament and microtubule cytoskeleton during induction of microspore embryogenesis in Brassica napus L. cv. Topas. Protoplasma 213 194 - 202. 

Transcript profiling and identification of molecular markers for early microspore embryogenesis in Brassica napus. Plant Physiology 144 134 - 154. 

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