Elimination of contamination

In the event of cell cultures becoming contaminated with bacteria, fungi or mycoplasmas, the best course of action is to discard the culture, check cell culture reagents for contamination, thoroughly disinfect all safety cabinets and work surfaces and resuscitate a fresh culture from previously frozen stock. In the case of contamination with a spore-forming organism, and where such facilities exist, room fumigation may also be advisable. 

However, in the case of irreplaceable stocks this course of action may not be possible and antibiotic treatment may be necessary to eliminate the contamination. 

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Elimination of contaminants, including metallic residues, from process streams and equipment... 

Temperature control Adequately sized pressure relief Elimination of contaminants, including metallic residues, from process streams and equipment Selection of materials of construction compatible with the chemicaKs) in use, properly cleaned and passivated Elimination of ingress of reactive chemicals, e.g. water, air Date labelling and inventory control in storage Cleaning and inspection of reusable containers, tankers etc. before refilling ... 

Several authors have attempted to optimize the HRP C conditions to remove phenols from aqueous solutions. Among the main parameters evaluated to improve the elimination of contaminants are the reactor configuration, enzyme immobilization, and the use of additives to protect the enzyme from entrapment in the precipitating polymers (Hamid and Khalil-ur-Rehman 2009). 

These data are based on advanced instrumentation and sampling methodology, paying attention to the elimination of contamination during sampling, storage, and analysis. See article by Windom et al. (1991) from where the data for this table are taken. 

The major benefits of this method are the very rapid turnaround time, usually 5 min at a rate of <100 samples/day, and the elimination of contaminants associated with the use of mercury and copper catalysts. 

Swart, P. K., Grady, M. M. Pillinger, C. T. 19836 A method for the identification and elimination of contamination during carbon isotopic analysis of extraterrestrial material. Meteorites 18, 137-154. 

In addition, activated carbons are the most extensively applied adsorbents for the elimination of contaminants from gaseous, aqueous, and nonaqueous streams [2,78], In order to properly apply these adsorbents, like any other, equilibrium adsorption isotherms are used to calculate the optimum size of the adsorbent beds and their operating conditions [132,133],... 

The requirements that the radicals are formed and trapped in isolated sites results in low radical concentrations and hence the total concentration of non-radical products is also small. Most samples contain 100-200 ppm of products but in some instances product concentrations as low as 10 ppm have to be determined. Such low concentrations necessitate the use of sensitive detection systems and the meticulous elimination of contaminants from all the gases used in the g.l.c. analysis. The compounds used as radical somrces and as matrices must also be extremely pure and to this end preparative g.l.c. has been used to piudfy the compounds. Mixtures of materials immiscible at room temperatme... 

Domenech, X., Jardim, W.E., and Litter, M.l. Advanced oxidation Processes for Contaminant Elimination, in M.A. Blesa, and B. Sanchez (Eds.), Elimination of Contaminants Through Heterogeneous Photocatalysis , CIEMAT (2004). 

In the case of catalysts, the preparation of samples for LEISS analysis is similar to the preparation used for photoelectron spectroscopy. As a result of the extreme sensitivity of the surface composition, elimination of contamination plays a more important role in the quality of the spectrum. A gas treatment is often applied in order to prepare a representative surface (for example, of the reduced state). 

The initial indication that the fiinction(s) of lung IXls may be regulated by local Macs came from our initial studies on the isolation of peripheral lung DCs from the rat. These experiments identified the most potent APC population in coUagenase digest of parenchymal lung tissue as DCs, but further demonstrated that expression of their fidl APC potential required initial elimination of contaminating Macs (Holt et al., 1985). Similar results were obtained with airway epithelial DCs (Holt et al., 1988). 

The conditioning and control of indoor environments is an ever increasing problem. Lately this does not only include the traditional control of temperature and moisture but also the elimination of contaminants and odors from the atmosphere. Particulates, including organic matter, such as mold, germs, and viruses, can be captured and retained by sometimes electrically assisted ultrafiltration. Cartridges are either discarded or cleaned/reactivated. For the elimination of chemicals and odors, absorption, adsorption, and chemical reactions with air purification media are required. 

From the viewpoint of hygiene, good manufacture means the prevention of microbial and mechanical contamination, the inhibition of microbial growth where microorganisms are present and the elimination of contamination by suitable means. 

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