Electrodes anthraquinone-modified

Salimi, A., Banks, C.E., and Compton, R.G. (2003). Ultrasonic effects on the electroreduction of oxygen at a glassy carbon anthraquinone-modified electrode. The Koutecky-Levich equation applied to insonated electrocatalytic reactions. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 5, 3988-93. 

Thus prepared layers have been further modified to develop electrocatalysts and sensors. Polypyridyl ruthenium-oxo complexes are of particular interest as efficient oxidants for a wide variety of organic molecules, including aromatic hydrocarbons, olefins, alcohols, and ketones. One such electrocatalyst was prepared by first electrografting bipyridine at an applied positive potential followed by treating the modified surface with [Ru tl2(DMSO)(terpyridine)] and then CFjSOjH/HjO [104]. Enhanced electrochemical activity has also been observed for the reduction of oxygen at anthraquinone-modified GC electrodes in 0.1 M KOH solution [105,... 

R.C., and Pal, R. (2013) Cyclic voltammetric investigation of caffeine at anthraquinone modified carbon paste electrode. International Journal of Electrochemistry,... 

Oxygen can be reduced to H2O2 by benzo-, naphtho-, and anthraquinone-modified electrodes [74] and by poly(violo-gen)-modified electrodes [75]. A Prussian blue-modified electrode catalyses electroreduction of O2 to H2O by the four-electron transfer reaction [76]. 

Sarapuu A, Vaik K, Schiffrin DJ, Tammeveski K. Electrochemical reduction of oxygen on anthraquinone modified glassy carbon electrodes in alkaline solution. J Electroanal Chem 2003 541 23-9. 

The surface chemical effects of interest do not go as far as those induced in (extensively) modified carbon electrodes [248], e.g., by pyrolyzed phthalocyanines or macrocycles [249-255], by anthraquinone or its derivatives [126,247,256-259], or by aryl groups [125], or those of stable and efficient sonoelectrocatalysts by modifying GC electrodes with 9,10-phenanthraquinone or 1,2-naphthoquinone [260], Instead, it is explored here whether and how a seemingly simple but crucial issue has been addressed or resolved what makes 02 adsorption in ORR nondissociative The isotopic labeling evidence for this experimental fact has been presented half a century ago [261], and it has not been challenged [262], The implication, based on the equally noncontrover-sial literature that 02 chemisorption on carbons (even at room temperature) is dissociative, is summarized below ... 

The following asymmetrical PsC capacitor was studied as a typical example of a redox capacitor. 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (DHB also referred to as o-benzoquinone and catechol) obtained by modification of a carbon electrode was used in it as a positive electrode. The negative electrode used was an anthraquinone (AQ)-modified carbon electrode (Algharaibeh and Pickup, 2011). 

A Spectracarb 2225 carbon fabric (Engineered Fibres Technologies) was used as a basis for the synthesis of an AQ-modified carbon cloth (C-AQ) electrode. This cloth was immersed into the salt of anthraquinone-1-diazonium chloride 0.5 ZnCl2 in acetone. Then, water and 50 wt% hypophosphorous acid were added. Then, the thus-modified cloth was washed by deionized water and dried at 110°C for 20 min. 

Poly(l-vinylimidazole)i2-[Os-(4,4 -dimethyl-2,2-bipyridyl)2Cl2] and poly(vi-nylpyridine)-[Os-(Ai,Ai -methylated-2,2 -biimidazole)3] were reported for their efficient capability of mediating electrons transfer between bacterial cells to electrodes. With S. oneidensis, the osmium redox polymer modified anode showed a 4-fold increase in current generation and a significant decrease in the start-up time for electrocatalysis. Using an anode modified with electropolymerized polypyrrole, a dramatie improvement in energy output was noticed in the MFCs. MFCs with a polypyrrole/ anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic disodium salt (PPy/AQDS)-modified anode... 

As mentioned above, the pretreatment of the carbon electrode surface can significantly affect its ORR activity, and even alter the ORR mechanism. Actually, the carbon surface can also be modified by some monolayer substances such as anthraquinones (AQ), and transition metal macrocycle complexes. Due to the conjugate structures of these molecules, they can irreversibly adsorb on the carbon surface to form monolayers that could serve as an electrocatalyst for ORR. This kind of electrode structure can be used to evaluate the electrocatalyst s ORR activity, particularly in acidic solution. 

Andrieux, C. P., Audebert, R, and Saveant, J. M., Studies of modified electrodes starting from pyrrole monomers derivated by anthraquinone, phenothiazine or anthracene moieties on the nitrogen or in the 3-position, synthesis, cyclic voltammetry and a study of charge-transfer reactions, Synth. Metals, 35, 155-158 (1990). 

Algharaibeh, Z. and P. G. Pickup, 2011. An asymmetric supercapacitor with anthraquinone and dihydroxybenzene modified carbon fabric electrodes. Electrochemistry Communications, 13,147-149. 

Salimi A, Eshghi H, Sharghi H, Golabi SM, Shamsipur M. Electrocataljrtic reduction of dioxygen at the surface of glassy carbon electrodes modified by some anthraquinone substituted podands. Electroanalysis 1999 11 114—9. 

Furthermore, Davis et al. reported a significantly enhanced faradic response from redox-active sulfonated anthraquinone using an SWCNT-modified GC electrode. As can be seen in Figure 6.9, the nanotube-modified electrode shows a much stronger voltammetric response to anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate compared to a simple GC electrode. 

Valarselvan S, Manisankar P (2011) Electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen at glassy carbon electrode modified by polypyrrole/anthraquinones composite film in various pH media. Electrochim Acta 56(20) 6945-6953... 

Maia G, Maschion FC, Tanimoto ST, Vaik K, Miieoig U, Tammeveski K (2007) Attachment of anthraquinone derivatives to glassy carbon and the electrocatalytic behavior oft he modified electrodes toward oxygen reduction. J Solid State Electrochem 11 1411-1420... 

Manisankar P, Gomathi A (2005) Electrocatalytic reductimi of dioxygen at the surface of carbon paste electrodes modified with 9,10-anthraquinone derivatives and dyes. Etectroanal-ysis 17(12) 1051-1057. doi 10.1002/elan.200403213... 

Tiwari 1, Singh M, Gupta M, Aggarwal SK (2012) Electroanalytical properties and appUcation of anthraquinone derivative-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanowires modified glassy carbon electrode in the determination of dissolved oxygtai. Mater Res Bull 47 (7) 1697-1703. doi 10.1016/j.materresbull.2012.03.031... 

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