Polypyrrole electropolymerization

Fig. 18.1. (A) Schematic presentation of the biotin-avidin complex with detailed configuration of biotin and surrounding polar residues. (B) Detailed (top) and simplified (bottom) representations of the complication possibilities of biotin and avidin. (C) Structure of an electropolymerizable biotin derivative and schematic presentation of an electropolymerized polypyrrole film bearing biotin groups on its surface. All three-dimensional representations of avidin have been generated using the program VMD [70] and subsequently rendered with PovRay.

R. Garjonyte and A. Malinauskas, Glucose biosensor based on glucose oxidase immobilized in electropolymerized polypyrrole and poly(o-phe-nylenediammine) films on a Prussian blue-modified electrode, Sens. Actuators B, 63 (2000) 122-128. 

Electropolymerization can also be used for the design of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), capable of interacting with the analyte (template) molecule with high affinity and specificity (103,104). This is accomplished by electropolymerizing polypyrrole, polyaniline, or poly(o-phenylenediamine) in the presence of the analyte (template) molecule. At the end of the polymer-... 

Fig. 12.15. Examples of scanning tunnelling micrographs, (a) Copper electrode-posited from Cu(N03)2 solution on highly ordered pyrrolytic graphite and imaged at -0.5 V vs. Ag AgCl (tip bias potential +0.6 V) (from Ref. 51 with permission) (b) Electropolymerized polypyrrole with poly(4-styrenesulphonate) anion on graphite substrate (from Ref. 52 with permission).

Bhat N. V., Gadre A. P, and Bambole V. A., Investigation of electropolymerized polypyrrole composite film Characterization and application to gas sensors, J. Appl. Polym. 

Xu, Y, Ye, X., Yang, L., He, R, and Fang, Y. (2006). Impedance DNA biosensor using electropolymerized polypyrrole/multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified electrode. Electroanalysis, 18, pp. 1471-1478. 

Poly(l-vinylimidazole)i2-[Os-(4,4 -dimethyl-2,2-bipyridyl)2Cl2] and poly(vi-nylpyridine)-[Os-(Ai,Ai -methylated-2,2 -biimidazole)3] were reported for their efficient capability of mediating electrons transfer between bacterial cells to electrodes. With S. oneidensis, the osmium redox polymer modified anode showed a 4-fold increase in current generation and a significant decrease in the start-up time for electrocatalysis. Using an anode modified with electropolymerized polypyrrole, a dramatie improvement in energy output was noticed in the MFCs. MFCs with a polypyrrole/ anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic disodium salt (PPy/AQDS)-modified anode... 

Laith Al-Mashat and Debiemme-Chouvy C., Electropolymerized polypyrrole nanowires for hydrogen gas sensing,/ Phys. Chem. C, 2012, 116[24), 13388. 

Demoustier-Champagne, S., and P.Y. Stavaux. 1999. Effect of electrolyte concentration and nature on the monophology and the electrical properties of electropolymerized polypyrrole nanotubules. Chem Mater 11 829. 

Kudoh, Y, et al. 1996. Covering anodized aluminum with electropolymerized polypyrrole via manganese oxide layer and application to solid electrolytic capacitor. / Power Source 60 157. 

Os (bipyridyl)2(poly-4-vinylpyridine)ioCl]Cl, on an underlying platinum electrode, followed by an outer layer of electropolymerized polypyrrole containing glucose oxidase. This biosensor was capable of detecting glucose linearly up to 50 mM, with a reported sensitivity of 12.2 nA/mM. 

Guiseppi-Elie, A., A.M. Wilson, J.M. Tour, T.W. Brockmann, P. Zhang, and D.L. AUara. 1995. Specific immobilization of electropolymerized polypyrrole thin films onto interdigitated microsensor electrode arrays. Langmuir 11 1768. 

Fenelon, A.M., and C.B. Breslin. 2003. Corrosion protection properties afforded by an in situ electropolymerized polypyrrole layer on CuZn. J Electrochem Soc 150 (11) B540. 

Immobilization of Multicharged Porphyrins into Pro-Electropolymerized Polypyrrole Films Bearing Functional Groups... 

We recently reported for the first time on the electroassisted-biomimetic activation of molecular oxygen by a newly prepared electropolymerized polypyrrole-manganese phthalocyanine film " The prepared films and their intervention in the electroassisted-catalytic reduction of molecular oxygen were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry and UV-visible spectrophotometry on optically transparent electrodes. The obtained results demonstrate the probable existence of the... 

De Medeiros MAC, Gorgy K, Deronzier A, Cosnier S (2008) Design of new electropolymerized polypyrrole films of polyfluorinated Zn(II) and Mn(III) porphyrins towards electrochemical sensors. Mater Sci Eng C Biomim Supramol Syst 21 731-738... 

The highest specific capacitance of 1510 F/g was currently reported by Subramanian and co-workers using graphene nanolayers synthesized using electrophoretic deposition of graphene, followed by modification with electropolymerized polypyrrole. The composite electrode was highly porous and it is believed that this porosity enhances the electrode interaction with the electrolyte. 

Cristea C, Mousty C, Cosnier S, Popescu IC (2005) Organic phase PPO biosensor based on hydrophilic films of electropolymerized polypyrrole. Electrochim Acta 50 3713-3718... 

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