Electrodeposition nanocomposite

O Regan B, Schwartz DT, Zakeeruddin SM, Gratzel M (2000) Electrodeposited nanocomposite n-p heterojunctions for solid-state dye-sensitized photovoltaics. Adv Mater 12 1263-1267... 

In 1984, Tench and White (3) actually deposited composite structures with layer thickness periods down to hundreds of angstroms. Their nanocomposites exhibited increased tensile strength due to the harder Ni layers in a softer Cu matrix. The layers were not thin enough, however, to obtain enhancements witnessed in systems (non-electrodeposited) with layer thickness periods in the range 10 to 30 A. 

The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-active substrates were prepared by electrodeposition of Ag nanoparticles in multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-based nanocomposites for SERS sensor application. 

The novel SERS-active substrates were prepared by electrodeposition of Ag nanoparticles in the MWCNTs-based nanocomposites. The formation of Ag-MWCNTs nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The application of the Ag-MWCNTs nanocomposite in SERS was investigated by using rhodamine 6G (R6G). The present methodology demonstrates that the Ag-MWCNTs nanocomposite is suitable for SERS sensor. 

In conclusion, it has been shown that the SERS techniques offer a means of sensitive detection of probe molecules. An efficient and simple SERS-active substrate prepared by electrodeposition of Ag on MWCNTs has been developed. The prepared Ag-MWCNT nanocomposites exhibited good SERS performance and also featured a simple application process. The technique may have a potential use for in situ determination of analytes. Therefore, such a work will lead to a very promising future for applications in SERS chemical sensors. 

Ortiz et al. have developed and studied a nanocomposite of SnO in a Ti02 nanotube network using a two-step electrochemical synthesis method 230 The Ti02 matrix was fabricated via electrochemical oxidation of a Ti substrate. The Ti02 matrix provides a reasonably conductive substrate for the subsequent electrodeposition of Sn. The conductivity of Ti02 can be further improved... 

Thiemig, D. and Bund, A., Characterization of electrodeposited Ni-TiO, nanocomposite coatings. Surf. Coat. Technol., 202, 2976, 2008. 

Zhang, Z. et al.. Electrodeposition of Ni-SiC nanocomposite coatings based on the surface charge determination of SiC nanoparticles. Bull. Electrochem., 22, 189, 2006. 

We have shown that such colloids are electroactive and can be electrodeposited.126 However, the electrodeposited hints are not coherent and redissolve once the negative potential is removed. Optically active colloidal PAn nanocomposites of the type PAn/HCSA/polyacrylic acid have also recently been synthesized using the chemical oxidation route, by the oxidation of aniline with (NH4)2S208 in the presence of (+)- or (-)-HCSA as the dopant acid and polyacrylic acid as the steric stabilizer.127... 

Pang X, Zhitomirsky 1 (2008) Electrodeposition of hydroxyapatite-silver-chitosan nanocomposite coatings. Surf Coat Technol 202(16) 3815... 

Instrumentation. In studies reported so far [84], polymer nanocomposites as used in lithium batteries prepared from poly(ethylene oxide) and lithium hectorite have been investigated. Using a sample holder that could be heated, structural changes of the nanocomposites as a function of temperature could be monitored in situ. Ex situ studies of electrodeposited amorphous NiP coatings have been described [85]. 

Switzer, J.A. (1998) Electrodeposition of superlattices and nanocomposites, in Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Films (ed. J.H. Fendler), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, pp. 53-70. 

Figure 7.8 A typical one-step co-electrodeposition method for the synthesis of GO/PPy nanocomposites. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [91]. Copyright 2012, Royal Society of Chemistry.

Lopez, M. C., Ortiz, G. F., Lavela, R, Alcantara, R, and Tirado, J. L. (2013]. Improved coulombic efficiency in nanocomposite thin film based on electrodeposited-oxidized FeNi-electrodes for lithium-ion batteries,/. Alloys Compounds, 557, pp. 82-90. 

Ruiyi, L., Qianfang, X., Zaijun, L., Xiulan, S., and Junkang, L. [2013]. Electrochemical immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of microcystin-LR based on giaphene-gold nanocomposite/fiinctional conducting polymer/gold nanoparticle/ionic liquid composite film with electrodeposition. Biosens. Bioelectron., 44, pp. 235-240. 

There are no reports about PANI composites with oxides of silver and gold because of the high redox reactivity of these oxides (e.g., Ag O and Au O can oxidize PANI), while PANI composites with copper oxides are known. Electrodeposition of mesoporous bilayers of PANI supported Cu O semiconducting films from lyotropic liquid crystalline phase has recently been reported by Xue et al. [16]. The control of size, morphology, and conductivity of PANI nanofibers (PANI-NFs) in PANI-NFs/CuO nanocomposites (Figure 2.1) was achieved by systematic variation of CuO loadings during the oxidative polymerization of aniline with mixture of oxidants [ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) and sodium hypochlorite] in an acidic aqueous solution [17]. 

Recently anchoring nanosized SnO on anisotropic nanostructures of conducting polymers has attracted much attention, emerging the ID or 2D nanocomposites as high-performed anode materials. Zhang et al. employed a facile two-step electrochemical reaction method including electropolymerization and electrodeposition to fabricate SnO -nanoparticles-decorated PPy nanowires [108]. SEM and TEM reveal that the surface of PPy nanowires was densely coated with SnO nanoparticles (Figure 7.15). 

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