Synthesis by electrochemical methods

Not all workers, however, are convinced of the validity of the accepted mechanisms for these types of reactions. Tan et al have studied a phase transfer catalysed Williamson ether synthesis by electrochemical methods including cyclic voltammetry [23], and came to the conclusion that... 

In addition, the idea of the terpenoid side chain of 10 essentially assisting in anchoring the coenzyme in the cytoplasmic membrane without having any impact on the redox potential was to be explored. To this end, a number of phenazine ethers 44a-g were synthesized by Williamson ether synthesis and then investigated by electrochemical methods. And indeed, we were able to identify a good match between the redox potentials of the various phenazine ethers, which turned out to be independent of the side chain structure. 

The possibility to functionalize aromatic compounds by electrochemical methods is of great interest to chemical industry. Therefore, considerable efforts were made to develop the electrochemical oxidation of benzene to p-benzoquinone to the industrial scale thus forming a basis for a new hydroquinone process. The electrochemical oxidation of benzene in aqueous emulsions containing sulfuric acid using divided cells and Pb02 anodes formsp-benzoquinone. The product can then be reduced cathodically to yield hydroquinone in a paired synthesis. 

Electron-transfer processes can give rise to substitution-labile 17-electron complexes . A 17-electron species prepared by electrochemical methods favors CO reaction with ( -Cp)2TiCl2. Electron-transfer catalysis has been proposed for the conversion of FcjfCO), 2 to FefCO) . A possibly related process is the transformation of Rh4(CO), 2 into [Rh(CO)4] under syngas pressure. This may be an important step in the synthesis of ethylene glycol from CO and H2. 

Another area of great potential involves the production of high-value-added organic chemicals by electrochemical methods of synthesis. The high yield of these routes is particularly attractive for specialty chemical markets. Larger scale processes that have been commercialized include tetraalkyllead (5) and adiponitrile. 

Endres F, Zein El Abedin S (2008) Inorganic materials by electrochemical methods. In Wasserscheid P, Welton T (eds) Ionic liquids in synthesis, vol 2. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 575-608... 

Other methods of polystannane synthesis include electrochemical methods [22], Thus, [ Bu2Sn]n 10,900 MJM = 2.6) and [ Oet2Sn]n (M = 5900 MJMn = 1.7) were prepared by the eleetroehemieal polymerization of dibutyldichlorostannane and dioctyldiehlorostannane, respectively, by using a platinum cathode and a silver anode. Tetrabutylammonium perchlorate is used as the supporting electrolyte and dimethoxy ethane is used as the solvent. 

C.-J. Huang et al.. Synthesis of the gold nanodumbbells by electrochemical method. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 303, 430-436 (2006). 

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