Electrodeposited magnetic properties

Koretzky [83] in 1963 published a review of electrodeposited magnetic films, which considers an earlier generation of storage devices. Some magnetic properties of electroplated Co alloys were tabulated by Safranek [84] and by Morral [85]. 

The structures of electroplated hard alloys have been less extensively studied than those of similar electrolessly deposited materials. Sallo and co-workers [118-120] have investigated the relationship between the structure and the magnetic properties of CoP and CoNiP electrodeposits. The structures and domain patterns were different for deposits with different ranges of coercivity. The lower-f/c materials formed lamellar structures with the easy axis of magnetization in the plane of the film. The high-Hc deposits, on the other hand, had a rod-like structure, and shape anisotropy may have contributed to the high coercivity. The platelets and rods are presumed to be isolated by a thin layer of a nonmagnetic material. 

Electroless deposition as we know it today has had many applications, e.g., in corrosion prevention [5-8], and electronics [9]. Although it yields a limited number of metals and alloys compared to electrodeposition, materials with unique properties, such as Ni-P (corrosion resistance) and Co-P (magnetic properties), are readily obtained by electroless deposition. It is in principle easier to obtain coatings of uniform thickness and composition using the electroless process, since one does not have the current density uniformity problem of electrodeposition. However, as we shall see, the practitioner of electroless deposition needs to be aware of the actions of solution additives and dissolved O2 gas on deposition kinetics, which affect deposit thickness and composition uniformity. Nevertheless, electroless deposition is experiencing increased interest in microelectronics, in part due to the need to replace expensive vacuum metallization methods with less expensive and selective deposition methods. The need to find creative deposition methods in the emerging field of nanofabrication is generating much interest in electroless deposition, at the present time more so as a useful process however, than as a subject of serious research. 

Nickel-mesoporous silicon structures are of considerable industrial interest for various applications. Anisotropy of magnetic properties of the nickel nanowires inside porous silicon conditioned by their high aspect ratio is applicable for the magnetic store production [1], Moreover, these structures offer much promise for the rectenna (a special type of antenna that is used to directly convert microwave energy into DC electricity) fabrication. So, it is of value to study in detail the process of the nickel electrodeposition into pores of porous silicon and elaborate control methods for pore filling with metal. 

Properties Steel-gray, shining, hard, ductile, somewhat malleable metal ferromagnetic, with permeability two-thirds that of iron has exceptional magnetic properties in alloys. D 8.9, mp 1493C, bp 3100C. Attacked by dilute hydrochloric and sulfuric acids, soluble in nitric acid. Corrodes readily in air. Hardness cast 124 Brinell, electrodeposited 300 Brinell. An important trace element in soils and necessary for animal nutrition. Cobalt has unusual coordinating properties, especially the trivalent ion. Noncombustible except as powder. 

Munford, M.L. Sartorelli, M.L. Seligman, L. Pasa, A.A. Morphology and magnetic properties of Co thin films electrodeposited on Si. J. Electro-chem. Soc. 2002, 149 (5), C274-C279. 

Hsu HY, Yang CC (2003) Conductivity electrodeposition and magnetic property of cobalt (II) and dysprosium chloride in zinc chloride-l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride room temperature molten salt. Z Naturforsch 58B 139-145... 

Fig. 6.14 Magnetic properties and fcc-bcc phase boundary of electrodeposited CoNiFe from saccharin bath (a), CoNiFeS from thiourea bath (b) and high CoNiFe from additive free bath (c) [29]. 1998 IEEE...

Shinoura O (1994) Soft magnetic properties of electrodeposited CoNiFe films. J Magn Soc Jpn 18 277-280... 

Nakamura A (1996) Preparation and magnetic properties of CoNiFe thin film by electrodeposition. J Surf Finish Soc Jpn 47 934-938... 

Takai M (1995) Magnetic properties of electroless-deposited NiFeB and electrodeposited NiFe alloy thin films. lEICE Trans Electron E78-C 1530-1535... 

Chloroaluminate ionic liquids have been used in the electrodeposition of aluminum and aluminum-transition metal alloys. Transition metal-aluminum alloys are valued for their corrosion resistance and magnetic properties. A convenient method for creating thin alloy films is through the electrodeposition of two or more metals. The electrodeposition of aluminum and aluminum alloys from aqueous solutions is complicated by the fact that... 

Kahn, H.R., Retrikowski, K. Anisotropic stmctuial and magnetic properties of arrays of Fe26Ni74 nanowires electrodeposited in the pores of anodic alumina. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 215-216, 526-528 (2000)... 

Cha] Magnetic properties measurements, magnetostriction measurements, XRD Co based alloys with 4 to 15 mass% Cu and 9 to 13 mass% Fe, structural and magnetic properties of electrodeposited alloys... 

Taking into consideration the fact that the intermediate layer in electrodeposited laminar metal structures plays an important role in obtaining improved mechanical and magnetic properties [56], from 1980 to 2000, particular attention has been given to the pulsating regimes which would provide as thin as possible layers (of the... 

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