Inductive electrodeless discharge

Whatever the analytical method and the determinand may be, the greatest care should be devoted to the proper selection and use of internal standards, careful preparation of blanks and adequate calibration to avoid serious mistakes. Today the Antarctic investigator has access to a multitude of analytical techniques, the scope, detection power and robustness of which were simply unthinkable only two decades ago. For chemical elements they encompass Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) [with Flame (F) and Electrothermal Atomization (ETA) and Hydride or Cold Vapor (HG or CV) generation]. Atomic Emission Spectrometry (AES) [with Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), Spark (S), Flame (F) and Glow Discharge/Hollow Cathode (HC/GD) emission sources], Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (AFS) [with HC/GD, Electrodeless Discharge (ED) and Laser Excitation (LE) sources and with the possibility of resorting to the important Isotope... 

The Reaction of Oxygen with Carbonaceous Compounds and Trace Mineral Constituents in an Inductive Electrodeless Discharge... 

Inductively or capacitively coupled discharges on the other hand do not have electrodes in direct contact with the gaseous plasma region and hence are frequently referred to—sometimes without adequate distinction—as electrodeless discharges. The electric field is generated... 

Electrodeless discharge lamp (EDL). This is a tube which contains the element to be measured in a readily vaporized form (often as iodides). A discharge is produced in the vapour by microwave or radio frequency induction. The lamp emits very intensive characteristic radiation of the analyte. 

The high-temperature , analytical workhorse for emission spectroscopy is the inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Inducing a current in a flowing stream of ionized Ar gas produces this electrodeless discharge. The rapid movement of electrons caused by... 

RF discharges are classified in accordance to their electrode or electrodeless nature into capacitively or inductively coupled. In the case of the inductively coupled discharge, a helical or flat copper coil is utilised. Inductive coupling is generally used at AC frequencies greater than 1 MHz as it becomes less efficient at lower frequencies. Although systems are often described as inductively coupled this may not be the case as the skin depth (the distance over which the electromagnetic radiation is absorbed) is often in excess of the reactor dimensions. This is certainly the case for the 13.56 MHz systems widely employed for polymer deposition. 

Inductively Coupled Plasma Discharge An electrodeless radiofrequency discharge produced by magnetically induced eddy currents in flowing argon confined in a quartz tube at atmospheric pressure. liquids, powders, gases 6000-10,000... 

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