Modified Glassy Carbon

A 2,6-anthraquinonedisulfonate modified glassy carbon electrode was used. 

Fig. 17. Cyclic voltammogram of the water-soluble Rieske fragment from the bci complex of Paracoccus denitrificans (ISFpd) at the nitric acid modified glassy carbon electrode. Protein concentration, 1 mg/ml in 50 mM NaCl, 10 mM MOPS, 5 mM EPPS, pH 7.3 T, 25°C scan rate, 10 mV/s. The cathodic (reducing branch, 7 < 0) and anodic (oxidizing branch, 7 > 0) peak potentisds Emd the resulting midpoint potential are indicated. SHE, standEU d hydrogen electrode.

Fang YM, Sun JJ, Wu AH, Su XL, Chen GN (2009) Catalytic electrogenerated chemiluminescence and nitrate reduction at CdS nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode. Langmuir 25 555-560... 

Another electro-oxidation example catalyzed by bimetallic nanoparticles was reported by D Souza and Sam-path [206]. They prepared Pd-core/Pt-shell bimetallic nanoparticles in a single step in the form of sols, gels, and monoliths, using organically modified silicates, and demonstrated electrocatalysis of ascorbic acid oxidation. Steady-state response of Pd/Pt bimetallic nanoparticles-modified glassy-carbon electrode for ascorbic acid oxidation was rather fast, of the order of a few tens of seconds, and the linearity was observed between the electric current and the concentration of ascorbic acid. 

AlexeyevaN, Laaksonen T. 2006. Oxygen reduction on gold nanoparticle/multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrodes in acid solution. Electrochem Commun 8 1475-1480. 

D. Engel and E.W. Grabner, Copper hexacyanoferrate-modified glassy carbon a novel type of potassium-selective electrode. Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 89, 982—986 (1985). 

U. Scharf and E.W. Grabner, Electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine at a Prussian Blue-modified glassy carbon electrode. Electrochim. Acta 41, 233-239 (1996). 

S.M. Golabi and F. Noor-Mohammadi, Electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine at cobalt hexacyanoferrate-modified glassy carbon, Pt and Au electrodes. J. Solid State Electrochem. 2, 30-37 (1998). 

M.S. Lin and B.I. Jan, Determination of hydrogen peroxide by utilizing a cobalt(II)hexacyanoferrate-modified glassy carbon electrode as a chemical sensor. Electroanalysis 9, 340-344 (1997). 

J.Z. Zhang and S.J. Dong, Cobalt(II)hexacyanoferrate film modified glassy carbon electrode for construction of a glucose biosensor. Anal. Lett. 32, 2925—2936 (1999). 

B. Haghighi, S. Varma, F.M. Alizadeh, Y. Yigzaw, and L. Gorton, Prussian blue modified glassy carbon electrodes - study on operational stability and its application as a sucrose biosensor. Talanta 64, 3-12 (2004). 

M. Musameh, J. Wang, A. Merkoci, and Y. Lin, Low-potential stable NADH detection at carbon-nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode. Electrochem. Common. 4, 743-746 (2002). 

Y.H. Zhu, Z.L. Zhang, and D.W. Pang, Electrochemical oxidation of theophylline at multi-wall carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrodes. J. Electroanal. Chem. 581, 303-309 (2005). 

P. Yang, Q. Zhao, Z. Gu, and Q. Zhuang, The electrochemical behavior of hemoglobin on SWNTs/ DDAB film modified glassy carbon electrode. Electroanalysis 16, 97—100 (2004). 

A. Salimi, A. Noorbakhsh, and M. Ghadermarz, Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalytic activity of catalase incorporated onto multiwall carbon nanotubes-modified glassy carbon electrode. Anal. Biochem. 344,16-24 (2005). 

C.X. Lei, H. Wang, G.L. Shen, and R.Q. Yu, Immobilization of enzymes on the nano-Au film modified glassy carbon electrode for the determination of hydrogen peroxide and glucose. Electroanalysis 16, 736-740 (2004). 

U.A. Kirgoz, S. Timur, J. Wang, and A. Teleponcu, Xanthine oxidase modified glassy carbon paste electrode. Electrochem. Commun. 6, 913—916 (2004). 

The electro-oxidation of organics and more specifically of alcohols and polyols is also possible on silver electrodes in the following activity sequence methanol < ethylene glycol < glycerol [64]. With a bulk silver electrode and with a silver-modified glassy carbon electrode, oxidations proceed only in the area of silver oxide formation. 

A horseradish peroxidase-osmium redox polymer-modified glassy carbon electrode (HRP-GCE) has also been applied to this analysis to improve sensitivity and reduce problems with faradic interference. Kato and colleagues (1996) employed this electrode in measurement of basal ACh in microdialysates using a precolumn enzyme reactor. This system was three to five times more sensitive than a conventional Pt electrode. ACh in rat hippocampus dialysate was quantitated at 9 5 fmol/15 pi (n = 8). ACh was analyzed in PC12 cells in a similar assay by Kim and colleagues (2004). No precolumn enzyme reactor was employed. 

Figure 3.11 Differential pulse voltammograms (DPVs) for guanine at bare glassy carbon, SWNT modified glassy carbon and bamboo-modified glassy carbon. DNA cone, 0.4 mgmL (b) the corresponding DPV plots observed in (a) but with background subtraction. The signal gene rated from...

Figure 3.24 Schematic representation of the analytical protocol (A) Capture of the ALP-loaded CNT tags to streptavidin-modified magnetic beads by a sandwich DNA hybridization (a) or Ab-Ag-Ab interaction (b). (B) Enzymatic reaction. (C) Electrochemical detection of the product of the enzymatic reaction at the CNT-modified glassy carbon electrode MB, Magnetic beads P, DNA probe 1 T, DNA target P2, DNA probe 2 Abl, first antibody Ag, antigen Ab2, secondary...

Layer-by-Layer Deposited Film Modified Glassy Carbon... 

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