Electrode electrochemical behavior

Yang and Zhu [107] have studied, applying several electrochemical methods and mercury electrodes, electrochemical behavior of pharmaceutically important dipeptide captopril. In acidic solution, one-electron transfer led to the formation of a univalent mercury-sulfur compound, which was strongly adsorbed at the electrode surface and gradually transformed into the divalent mercury-sulfur compound. 

The present method was applied further to the adsorption study of CoQ on a gold electrode. Electrochemical behavior of CoQ is characterized by the redox reaction of its quinone moiety (see Fig. 35) accompanying the adsorption of its isoprenoid side chain. Observation was made for CoQio (ubiquinone-10), and also for squalene and duroquinone for comparison, in 80% ethanol solution containing 0.1 M NaC104 because of their poor solubility in water. The wavelength of the light was fixed at 560 nm. 

There are distinct differences in the electrochemical behavior of lithium cells constructed with /1-Mn02 electrodes prepared by acid treatment and those containing Li[Mn2]04 electrodes [120].Cells with A-Mn02 electrodes show an essentially featureless voltage profile at 4V on the initial discharge on subsequent cycling, the cells show a profile more consistent with that expected from an Li[Mn2]04 electrode. 

When LiMn204 electrodes are deposited as thin films on a platinum substrate, either by electron-beam evaporation or radiofrequency (rf) sputtering, structures are sometimes formed that exhibit unusual electrochemical behavior [146, 147]. Such electrodes have been evaluated in solid-... 

Electrodes that are prepared from acid-leached LT-LiCo, xNix02 compounds (0< x<0.2) show significantly enhanced electrochemical behavior over the parent LT-LiCo1 xNix02 structure. The improved performance has been attributed to the formation of compounds with a composition and cation arrangement close to the ideal Li[B2]04 spinel structure (B = Co, Ni) [62]. These spinel-type structures have cubic symmetry, which is maintained on lithiation the unit cells expand and contract by only 0.2 percent during lithium insertion and extraction. 

Sodium dodecyl sulfate has been used to modify polypyrrole film electrodes. Electrodes synthesized in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate have improved redox processes which are faster and more reversible than those prepared without this surfactant. The electrochemical behavior of these electrodes was investigated by cyclic voltametry and frequence response analysis. The electrodes used in lithium/organic electrolyte batteries show improved performance [195]. 

The presence of polymer, solvent, and ionic components in conducting polymers reminds one of the composition of the materials chosen by nature to produce muscles, neurons, and skin in living creatures. We will describe here some devices ready for commercial applications, such as artificial muscles, smart windows, or smart membranes other industrial products such as polymeric batteries or smart mirrors and processes and devices under development, such as biocompatible nervous system interfaces, smart membranes, and electron-ion transducers, all of them based on the electrochemical behavior of electrodes that are three dimensional at the molecular level. During the discussion we will emphasize the analogies between these electrochemical systems and analogous biological systems. Our aim is to introduce an electrochemistry for conducting polymers, and by extension, for any electrodic process where the structure of the electrode is taken into account. 

FeUu JM, Gomez R, Llorca MS, Aldaz A (1993) Electrochemical behavior of irreversibly adsorbed selenium dosed from solution on Pt(h,k,l) single crystal electrodes in sulphuric and perchloric acid media. Surf Sci 289 152-162... 

The (photo)electrochemical behavior of p-InSe single-crystal vdW surface was studied in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1.0 M NaOH solutions, in relation to the effect of surface steps on the crystal [183]. The pH-potential diagram was constructed, in order to examine the thermodynamic stability of the InSe crystals (Fig. 5.12). The mechanism of photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution in 0.5 M H2SO4 and the effect of Pt modification were discussed. A several hundred mV anodic shift of the photocurrent onset potential was observed by depositing Pt on the semiconductor electrode. 

Laser D, Bard AJ (1976) Semiconductor Electrodes. IV. Electrochemical behavior of n- and p-type silicon electrodes in acetonitrile solutions. J Phys Chem 80 459 66... 

Kohl PA, Frank SN, Bard AJ (1977) Semiconductor electrodes XL behavior of n- and p-type single crystal semiconductors covered with thin n-Ti02 films. J Electrochem Soc 124 225-229... 

Uosaki K, Kaneko S, Kita H, Chevy A (1986) Electrochemical behavior of p-type indium selenide single crystal electrodes in dark and under illumination. Bull Chem Soc Jpn 59 599-605... 

Tsipis EV, Kharton VV (2008) Electrode materials and reaction mechanisms in solid oxide fuel cells A brief review I. Performance-determining factors. J Solid State Electrochem 12 1039-1060 II. Electrochemical behavior vs. materials science aspects, ibid 1367-1391... 

In recent years, the electrodes of similar structure have also found application in the electroanalytical chemistry, for purposes of researching the electrochemical behavior of solid substances, etc. These electrodes are known as the modified carbon paste electrodes or carbon paste electroactive electrodes [2]. 

The electrochemical behavior of thin-film oxide-hydroxide electrodes containing chromium, nickel and cobalt compounds was investigated. Experimental results have shown that such compounds can be successfully used as active cathodic materials in a number of emerging primary and secondary battery applications. 

Z. Wang, W. Qian, Q. Luo, and M. Shen, Abnormal electrochemical behavior of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase on mercury electrodes. J. Electroanal. Chem. 482, 87-91 (2000). 

A. Eftekhari, Electrochemical behavior and electrocatalytic activity of a zinc hexacyanoferrate film directly modified electrode. J. Electroanal. Chem. 537, 59-66 (2002). 

B. Zeng and F. Fluang, Electrochemical behavior and determination of fluphenazine at multi-walled carbon nanotubes/(3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane bilayer modified gold electrodes. Talanta 64, 380-386 (2004). 

P. Yang, Q. Zhao, Z. Gu, and Q. Zhuang, The electrochemical behavior of hemoglobin on SWNTs/ DDAB film modified glassy carbon electrode. Electroanalysis 16, 97—100 (2004). 

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