Voltametry, Cyclic

Another lechmquc fnr obtoiniag low oxidation stales is b) efecirolylk reduction uiing cyclic voltametry Some ipeciaciilar senes cnn be achieved of which, perhaps, the mewt notable is bised on lT (b no me.ms all b/ e been isolated ns solid products from solution Many other... 

Sodium dodecyl sulfate has been used to modify polypyrrole film electrodes. Electrodes synthesized in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate have improved redox processes which are faster and more reversible than those prepared without this surfactant. The electrochemical behavior of these electrodes was investigated by cyclic voltametry and frequence response analysis. The electrodes used in lithium/organic electrolyte batteries show improved performance [195]. 

JORGENSEN L V and SKIBSTED L H (1998) Flavonoid deactivation of ferrylmyoglobin in relation to ease of oxidation as determined by cyclic voltametry, Free Rad Res, 28, 335-51. 

Trends in J(P1SN) and 615 N for a series of triphenyl-phospha(A )azenes (33) were used with 1 3C and 31 P n.m.r. data, cyclic voltametry and MO calculations to evaluate the nature of the bonding to phosphorus.79 Diphosphorylamides (34) ° and a diazaphosphorin dithione 1 was also studied by SN n.m.r. spectroscopy ... 

In the cyclic voltametry heteroacenes 18a and 18c (Table 2) showed reversible oxidation waves at rather low oxidation potentials. In compounds 18a-c and 19, the oxidation potential can be tuned by the substituents R. The electrochemical data for heteroacenes 18 and 19 are given in Table 11. 

Electrochromic materials (either as an electroactive surface film or an electroactive solute) are generally first studied at a single working electrode, under potentiostatic or galvanostatic control, using three-electrode circuitry.1 Traditional electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltametry (CV), coulometry, and chronoamperometry, all partnered by in situ spectroscopic measurements... 

A wide variety of other methods have been used to obtain the concentration of either the metal or ligand in a particular equilibrium solution. These include polarography, spectrophotometry, magnetic resonance, cyclic voltametry and conductivity. Of course, if reliable results are to be obtained, the technique chosen must not significantly perturb the position of equilibrium in the solution. 

The conditions for reliable cyclic voltametry determination of trace Sn concentrations in sea water were investigated. All organotin compounds should be converted to Sn(II) by UV-photolysis adsorption on mercury drop in the presence of 40 pM of tropolone (1) cyclic voltametry stripping shows two cathodic peaks, corresponding to the two-step process Sn(IV) — Sn(II) -> Sn(0)29. A complex of Sn ions with catechol can be accumulated in a glassy carbon mercury film electrode, followed by stripping voltametry measurement in the cathodic direction, at pH 4.2-4.7. Interference occurs when Cu, Cd and Cr are present LOD 0.5 pg/L for 300 s accumulation30. 

The electrochemical behaviour of trace concentrations of triphenylstannyl acetate, using a mercury film-glassy carbon electrode, was investigated by various measuring methods cyclic voltametry, differential pulse voltametry and controlled-potential electrolysis. Determination by DPASV (differential pulse ASV) of water and fish samples has LOD 2.5 nM98. 

The oxidation processes shown in reactions 4 and 5 are the basis for differential pulse polarography/cyclic voltametry determination of dialkyllead and trialkyllead species135. 

The presence of two types of titanium sites in TS-1 (tetra- and tripodal) was also suggested by the cyclic voltametry experiments of Bodoardo et al. (158). The tripodal Ti(OSi)3(OH) showed a redox couple at 0 V and the tetrapodal Ti(OSi)4... 

The mechanism of the global 4-electron electrochemical reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to hydroxylamines in aqueous medium shown in reaction 37 was investigated by polarography and cyclic voltametry. The nitro group is converted first to a dihy-droxylamine, that on dehydration yields a nitroso group the latter is further reduced to a... 

The mechanism of electrochemical reduction of nitrosobenzene to phenylhydroxylamine in aqueous medium has been examined in the pH range from 0.4 to 13, by polaro-graphic and cyclic voltametry. The two-electron process has been explained in terms of a nine-membered square scheme involving protonations and electron transfer steps565. This process is part of the overall reduction of nitrobenzene to phenylhydroxylamine, shown in reaction 37 (Section VI.B.2). Nitrosobenzene undergoes spontaneous reaction at pH > 13, yielding azoxybenzene471. 

TTeF exhibits interesting electrochemical properties by cyclic voltametry two reversible one-electron oxidations are detected. The assessed ionization potential suggests that organic metals can be formed from TTeF. 

The reversible electrochemical interconversion of 1,2,4-dithiazolium cation and thioacylthiourea anion was demonstrated by cyclic voltametry (Equation (2)) <91JPR537>. In the presence of chelateforming metals in the form of anions CuCla ", CuBr4, CoCl/ , NiCl/ , etc. the thioacylthiourea anion produced is chelated and the reversibility of the reduction is diminished or entirely blocked depending on the metal. 

Dispirotrioxanes, synthesis, 1326, 1327, 1332 Disposable electrodes, cyclic voltametry, 652 Disproportionation, enthalpy of reaction, 154, 155... 

Studies of recognition are often realized by covalently coupling LB films on gold surfaces by means of a SH function located either at the end of the alkyl chain or on the hydrophilic moiety. The latter occurrence confines water between the support and the lipid layer and allows their use in SPR, impedance measurements or cyclic voltametry [170]. 

The bi-electronic reduction of this nickel compound generates a zero-valent nickel complex which is stable on the time scale of cyclic voltametry, provided at least three bipyridine ligands per nickel center are present. 

The addition of excess ZnBr2 to a Ni(bpy)32+-containing solution (Zn/Ni = 10/1) does not lead to a color change of the solution. The complexes obtained from a mixture of Ni2+ and 2,2/-bipyridine are more stable than those obtained in the presence of zinc9. However, studies by cyclic voltametry of nickel-bpy complexes show several changes in... 

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