Electrical pumps

Beam pumping and electric submersible pumps (ESP) require a source of power. On land it may be convenient to tap into the local electricity network, or in the case of the beam pump to use a diesel powered engine. Offshore (ESP only) provision for power generation must be made to drive down hole electric pumps. 

A wide variety of metliods has been used to pump laser systems. Altliough optical pumping has been implied, tliere is an array of collisionally or electron impact pumped systems, as well as electrically pumped metliods. The efficiency of tire pumping cycle in many ways defines tire utility and applications of each scheme. The first... 

Methods of pumping, irrespective of the type of level system and of whether lasing is to be pulsed or CW, fall into two general categories—optical and electrical pumping. 

The operational test of the lube system is, as the name implies, a functional test to check as many of the features as practical under running conditions. The first and last step is a demonstration of the cleanliness of the system. This is followed by a running test of a four-hour duration. The test should simulate the field operation with the compressor in every way practical. All equipment to be furnished with the lube system should be used in the test, including the standby pump start and trip switches. All other instruments should be used to demonstrate their operation. Prior to starting the four-hour run, the system should be thoroughly inspected for leaks and the leaks corrected. If no steam is available for a steam turbine (if one is used), the four-hour run can be made on the electric pump. However, every effort should be made to use an alternate source of energy such as compressed air, to operate the steam turbine. 

The liquid fuel handling components of the fuel system include the fuel filler pipe, fuel tank, fuel pirmp, and the fuel supply and return lines. The fuel tank is a low pressure, low hydrocarbon emission vessel designed to contain both the liquid and vapor phases of the fuel. An electric pump located inside the fuel tank is used to transfer liquid fuel from the tank to the engine. The fuel in the tank is suctioned from a small reservoir in the tank which minimizes liquid level transients caused by vehicle motion. 

Iral modes within the narrow peak. However, mode structure was not observed in any of our measurements. Since both ASE and lasing are based on stimulated emission, the difference is not very important in the context of the electrically pumped organic laser. Moreover, because the distinction is not a key issue here, we consider the gain phenomena observed in systems without external feedback to be mirmrless lasing. 

EL), conjugated polymers are also of interest as materials for optically or electrically pumped stimulated emission. For effects of this type, the ratio of stimulated emission to photoinduced absorption (PA) is of particular interest for conjugated polymers. In this context, the orign of the PA is controversial the PA can be a result of the formation of either charge-separated polaron pair -states or excimers. Initial experiments support the conjecture that LPPP 26 is significantly superior [49], as the stimulated emission of LPPP 26 is markedly more intense than that of PPV under comparable conditions. 

The sampling of a suction lysimeter is initiated by applying a vacuum (approximately 40-50 cm of mercury) through the vacuum/pressure line with a hand pump or electric pump. The valve on the sampling line must be closed. A constant vacuum may be maintained on the lysimeter using an electric pump. The time required before collecting a sample from a lysimeter will depend on the method of vacuum application, the moisture content of the soil, and the soil type. 

All toilets on an aircraft are connected with one or more central tanks through vacuum pipes. This is illustrated in Figure 4. Solids are transported to the tanks by high vacuum, creating an air displacement of over 60 m per second. Up to flight altitudes of 4-5000 m, an electrical pump provides the necessary low pressure. In altitudes exceeding this level, the low pressure outside the aircraft provides the necessary pressure difference amounting to 0.5-0.6 bar. 

Livingston and Cochran [50] collected large seawater samples by using a cable-supported electrical pumping system for subsequent determination of thorium, americium, and plutonium isotopes. Particles were removed by filtration and actinides were collected by absorption on manganese dioxide-coated filters. The samples were then analysed by standard radiochemical and a spec-trometric techniques. 

The produced oil or gas is connected to surface flowlines from the wellhead pumping unit or surface regulating valve assembly typically referred to as a Christmas tree but to its arrangement. The flowlines collect the oil or gas to local tank batteries or central production facilities for primary oil, water, and gas separation. The reliability of electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) has increased to the point where the submersible electrical pump is commonly used for the production of liquid hydrocarbons where artificial lift is required for production. 

MA Baldo, RJ Holmes, and SR Forrest, Prospects for electrically pumped organic lasers, Phys. Rev. B, 66 035320.1-035321.16, 2002. 

All systems presented in this section show lasing only in the optical pumping mode. There is much interest in electrically pumped devices, but for molecular glasses the difficulties in achieving high excitation densities and low absorption due to charge carriers and electrodes have yet to be overcome. This problem and the related semiconducting polymer lasers that are based on the same principles will not be covered here, but are treated in recent reviews [214-216]. 

Heat exchangers Instruments Motors, electric Pumps... 

A. Vacuum source, such as a small electrical pump. 

Deep water sampling procedures are similar to those for surface water sampling, the difference is in the sample delivery method. There are several types of discrete depth liquid samplers available today to perform this task, such as glass weighted bottles, Wheaton bottles, Kemmerer samplers, or electrical pumps. 

Electrical pumps are a good alternative to traditional glass and brass samplers. They enable us to collect samples from a discrete depth directly into the sample containers using a measured length of the intake tubing. The appropriate pump type is selected based on the lift capacity and the analyte nature. Samples for VOC analysis may be collected with a pump at pump rate of lOOml/min. 

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