Electric power Finland

The state-owned hydroelectric power plant at the Imatra rapids in eastern Finland was constructed in 1929. Because its transmission lines crossed southern Finland from the eastern border to the western coast, the plant significantly promoted the electrification of the country. When its capacity was increased from 56 MW to 125 MW by 1937, the plant was also able to supply electric power for various electrometallurgical and electrochemical industries, as well as for electric boilers at some pulp mills. ... 

Teollisuuden Voima Oy (TVO) is a Finnish power company owned mainly by industry. The company was founded in 1969 primarily to satisfy the electrical power needs of the forest industry. The company aims at developing and operating large-scale power plants and producing electricity for its shareholders at cost price. TVO s first nuclear power plant unit, Olkiluoto 1, was connected to the national grid in September 1978, and the second unit, Olkiluoto 2, in February 1980. TVO s output of nuclear power covers about one fifth of the total national production in Finland. 

In addition to deterministic analyses, and simulations performed with thermal-hydraulic computer codes, a level 1 PSA study has been performed for the BWR 90. It was adapted to the off-site electrical power grid in Finland and to recent data on common cause failures obtained from research work sponsored by the Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate (SKI). The PSA study addresses internal events only since previous studies have demonstrated that external events do not contribute significantly to the core damage probability. The PSA shows that LOCA events leading to core melt are extremely unlikely which is typical for BWRs with internal recirculation pumps. 

Finland has four nuclear reactor units in commercial use. They generate 30% of electricity in Finland. The first unit (Loviisa nuclear power plant, VVER-440 type pressurised water reactor... 

Two of the great industrial nations, Japan and France, are absent from this concert. The alternative solutions are not clearly foreseen for Japan. France has opted for the nuclear solution. In 2000 the electric capacity from nuclear power stations will be 108kW, which is 1.75 kW per inhabitant this compares with 1.05 kW per inhabitant for Sweden, 1.00 for Finland, 0.94 for Belgium, 0.91 for Canada, 0.7 for the USA and West Germany and only 0.48 for the UK. Italy is absent from both tables. 

Solantausta, Y., Bridgwater, A. Beckman, D. (1996). Electricity production by advanced biomass power systems. Espoo Technical Research Centre of Finland. 120 p.+ app. 61 p. (VTT Research Notes 1729). 

Free allocations to new entrants may also distort competition between Member States by giving different investment incentives in different Member States. In the electricity sector, this could have a serious effect on security of supply in some Member States. As an example, a comparison of the first NAP versions showed that a new power plant would get more free allowances in Germany and Finland than in Denmark - and fewer in Sweden than in Denmark. This is a point of great concern in the Danish power sector. The Association of Danish Energy Companies has estimated that a new gas-fired combined cycle plant in Denmark receives only around 80% of the free allowances it would receive in Germany and Finland. A Danish coal-fired power plant receives only half of the allowances it would receive in Germany and Finland. For both types of plant, a Swedish power plant receives even fewer allowances. 

In the United States, some 8000 MWe of biomass-fueled electricity generating capacity are installed primarily as combined heat and power production systems. In Europe biomass is mainly used for the provision of heat and, to a minor extent, for electricity production. In mral areas biomass is used traditionally for heating purposes. Electricity production has become more important in recent years due to environmentally motivated policy measures (e.g., the Feed-in Law for electricity from renewables in Germany, the C02-tax in Sweden). In average, however, only the use of firewood in households as well as industrial application in the wood processing industry are of major importance in Europe (for example, firewood covers almost 75% of biofuel use in Europe). The use of wood and other organic material for district heating is important in only a few countries (e.g., Denmark, Finland, Austria). 

Nuclear power stations in OECD countries provided an average of 12.8 per cent of electrical generating system capacity and 17.9 per cent of electricity generation in 1984 and are expected to provide about 19 per cent and 26 per cent respectively by the year 2000 (Table 6.1). Nuclear power supplied more than 20 per cent of the total electricity generation in Belgium, Federal Republic of Germany, Finland, France, Japan, Sweden and Switzerland in 1984. 

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