National grid

Power imported from the national grid Fuel cost at. 033 S/standard m Discount rate at 10% Minimum area heat exchanger 184.33 181.00 186.83... 

The power required for electrochemical processes motor drives, lighting, and general use, may be generated on site, but will more usually be purchased from the local supply company (the national grid system in the UK). The economics of power generation on site are discussed by Caudle (1975). 

In most urbanised areas of the world, public water supplies can meet consumer requirements of potabihty, but for the soft drinks manufacturer this is not always a suitable qualification for use of the water as a raw material. Most soft drinks factories will carry out their own treatments to counteract the likelihood of a possible change in quality. This is most important in areas where variations are introduced as a result of the use of a national grid system for water supply. 

Figure 3.39 Ceramic discs prevent short-circuits in the national grid.

Figure 5.16b Due to the high density of copper and its cost, steel-cored aluminium cables are used for electrical transmission through national grids.

In a power station, the turbine drives a generator to produce electricity which is then fed into the national grid (Figure 6.10). The national grid is a system for distributing electricity throughout a country. 

In 2008, SuperPower, Inc., an electric power component manufacturer in Schenectady, New York, produced a 1,311 meter (.814 mile) length of HTS wire, a new record for the industry. SuperPower recently completed the Albany Cable Project in which a 350 meter (1,148 feet) HTS underground cable was installed in the National Grid power system connecting two substations in Albany, New York. 

NatWest, Sainsbury Boots, Eastern Group, Guinness, Land Securities, National Grid, Sedgewick Unilever... 

Electricity has a relatively low MES of capacity, especially since the advent of combined cycle gas turbines which are viable at levels of 250 MW (for example, compared with total UK installed capacity of around 78,000 MW (National Grid, 2007)). Annual demand variation is also much lower than for industrial commodities since a large part of demand is relatively insensitive to the state of the economy (heating, lighting, domestic use). 

National Grid Group (2007) Seven Year Statement 2007, London. 

Since the end of the 1990s, Romania has been a net exporter of electricity with an overcapacity in transmission (Diaconu et al., 2008). Roughly two-thirds of Romanian electricity is carried on the national grid operated by Transelectrica, which operates to good standards of reliability (ibid.). 

In many countries, as combustion technology has developed, so there has been a move away from a large number of small, local power stations providing electricity to a limited area, to a smaller number of large power stations located outside urban areas feeding into a national grid of electricity supply. Alongside this trend has been an increase in combustion efficiency, as well as an increased awareness of environmental concerns, both urban and non-urban. This has led to the introduction of tall stacks which dilute and distribute emissions more effectively, but perhaps more importantly has led to the introduction of... 

National grid 7-70 Maximum flow high hoop strength High strength steel... 

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