Elder species

There are dozens of elder species, but in these pages we will focus on Sambucus nigra, the variety most often used in Europe, where it is a very popular herbal medicine, and Sambucus canadensis, the favored American species. The two species can be used interchangeably. 

Parejko K. Pliny the Elder s Silphium First Recorded Species Extinction. Conservation Biol 2003 17 925-7. 

Elder wood doesn t burn well fortunately, a boon for protecting the species the more elder growing, the better. Elder Fungus... 

Dr. Mumcuoglu s studies were done with standardized active ingredients. The species of elder used was Sambucus nigra. Thus far, it has been tested against eight various strains of flu virus and found to be... 

Elder is also used therapeutically as a homeopathic medicine. It was introduced by Dr. Samuel Hahnemann in 1819. The Sambucus ebulus or S. nigra species is most often used. However, it is not one of the more widely used homeopathic medicines. As a homeopathic remedy, elder is known as sambucus. Some of the indications for sambucus include albuminuria (the presence of protein in the urine), angina pectoris, asthma, dizziness and headache upon arising, dry larynx and lumbago. 

Sambucus canadensis is considered one of the most edible species of elder. In the early 1900s, European hospitals served elderberry jam due to its high content of vitamins and minerals, good taste and ability to stimulate the appetite, digestion, and regularity. Elderberry products are still widely available in Europe. 

Simmer some cinnamon Cinnamomum species) bark in 2 cups of water then add 1 tsp. of elder flowers or berries to make a warming tea on chilly days. 

A Danish legend says that elder sprang from the blood of a slain countryman. Dwarf elder (Sambucus ebulus) is said to grow near ancient battlefields where much blood has been shed. The species name ebulus means "to bubble up." The belief was that the blood of soldiers bubbled up from the earth. The plant does turn very red in the fall and, when it dies down, it leaves a red stain upon the ground and then disappears until the next spring. 

If you are growing elder, lore suggests that you ask for the fairies protection, and garland the tree with ragwort (Senecio species) to encourage fairy blessings, especially on Midsummer s Day. Pan, the playful god who was half man and half goat, played pipes of elder. 

Cooking elderberries makes them more edible, but only if the species is edible to begin with. Removing the elder seeds by using a food mill when making jellies, juice and syrups also makes them safer. However, for years I have made elderberry pies and cobblers that included the seeds, and no one has ever suffered any ill effect. 

Heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide have been detected in several aquatic species. Heptachlor was measured in shrimp collected from the Calcasieu River/Lake Complex in Louisiana at concentrations ranging from 10 to 750 ppb (Murray and Beck 1990). A survey of organic compound concentrations in whole body tissues of the Asiatic clam Corbicula manilensis was conducted on the Apalachicola River in northwest Florida in 1979-1980 as part of the Apalachicola River Quality Assessment. Heptachlor epoxide was detected in the whole body tissue of the clam at concentrations ranging from <0.1 to 0.6 ppb, with a median concentration of 0.3 ppb (Elder and Mattraw 1984). 

German chemist and apothecary who was educated by Klaproth, collaborated with him in his researches, and verified all his analyses before publication. Rose demonstrated the presence of chromium in a species of serpentine. He was the father of Heinrich Rose, the chemist, and Gustav Rose, the mineralogist. His father, Valentin Rose the Elder, was the discoverer of the low-melting alloy, Rose s metal. 

Some bentwood projects are done over a period of time, as materials become available, and some objects may include more than one type of wood. Trees commonly used as sources for bentwood include ash, aspen, bald cypress, birch, cottonwood, box elder, dogwood, red cedar, maple, hickory, and different species of fruit trees. Some vines, such as honeysuckle, wisteria, and rattan vine (.Berchemia scandens) are also used. 

The box-elder or Manitoba maple A. negundo) is the only species of maple that has a compound leaf, consisting of three to seven leaflets. This fast-growing species is common in moist sites near water, and is an urban weed in mauy areas. 

Osteomyelitis may be acute or chronic and the causative bacteria arrive in the bloodstream or are implanted directly (through a compound fracture, chronic local infection of local tissue, or surgical operation). Staphylococcus aureus is the commonest isolate in all patient groups but Haemophilus influenzae is frequently seen in children (much reduced now by the Hib vaccine), and Salmonella species in the tropics. Chronic osteomyelitis of the lower limbs (especially when underlying chronic skin infection in the elderly) frequently involves obligate anaerobes (such as Bacteroides species) and coliforms. 

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