Elastomers polymer nomenclature

Plastomer, a nomenclature constructed from the synthesis of the words plastic and elastomer, illustrates a family of polymers, which are softer (lower hexural modulus) than the common engineering thermoplastics such as polyamides (PA), polypropylenes (PP), or polystyrenes (PS). The common, current usage of this term is reshicted by two limitahons. First, plastomers are polyolehns where the inherent crystallinity of a homopolymer of the predominant incorporated monomer (polyethylene or isotactic polypropylene [iPP]) is reduced by the incorporahon of a minority of another monomer (e.g., octene in the case of polyethylene, ethylene for iPP), which leads to amorphous segments along the polymer chain. The minor commoner is selected to distort... 

Unlike other polymers, we have no universally accepted chemical nomenclature for polyurethanes. Instead, we typically refer to polyurethanes in terms of their general characteristics. Thus we refer to flexible polyurethane foams , polyurethane elastomers , integral skin polyurethane foams , and others. 

Nomenclature, 17 384-413 basic scheme of, 17 384-385 biochemical, 17 401-402 computerized approaches to, 17 400-401 elastomer, 21 761t enzyme, 10 258-260 for ionic liquids, 26 840-841 glossaries related to, 17 404 inorganic, 17 387-394 macromolecular (polymers), 17 403 404 organic, 17 394-401 polymer, 20 390-395 pump, 21 88 quinone, 21 236-237 reactor technology, 21 358 related to mass transfer, 15 731-737 reverse osmosis, 21 674-676 Society of Rheology, 21 704 spray-related, 23 199t systematic, 17 394... 

According to lUPAC nomenclature rules, the trivial names of common polymers do not necessarily have to be replaced by structural names. Therefore, both trivial and structural names of polymers will be used in this book. In general, the standard abbreviations of trivial names will only be used in diagrammatic illustrations (see, for example. Table VII-6). Trade names of thermoplasts, thermosets, elastomers, and fibers will not be used in the text. 

Collections of three- and four-letter abbreviations of polymers have been made by many organizations. lUPAC Division of Applied Chemistry, Plastics and High Polymer Section (1969) Recommendations for Abbreviations for Terms relating to Plastics and Elastomers. Pure Appl Chem 18 583-589. Commission on Macromolecular Nomenclature (1974) List of Standard Abbreviations (Symbols) for S)mthetic Polymer Materials. Pure Appl Chem 40 475 76. Eor a collection of abbreviations accepted internationally by many organizations see also Elias HG, Pethrick RA (1984) Polymer Yearbook. Harwood Acad Publ, Chur, Switzerland. 

Rubbery materials, and compositions based upon them, are commonly referred to by a number of letters which refer to the monomers on which the polymer is based. The standard recommended practice (D1418-72A) issued by the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) is the most widely used for the nomenclature of elastomers (rubbers) and lattices. This practice recommends that the elastomers be grouped and coded into a number of classes according to-the chemical composition of the polymer chain. Of the various types, the R and M classes are the most commercially important. 

Ethylene-propylene elastomers are commonly identified by the abbreviation EPM for copolymers and EPDM for terpolymers. The letter M, in accordance with ASTM nomenclature, indicates the class of elastomers with a methylene type saturated chain. The polymers will be described henceforth by these abbreviations. 

The commercial nomenclature is not as precise as the scientific one. A polymer is rarely labeled as a blend or an alloy, unless the concentration of the minor component exceeds the locally accepted limiting concentration. For example, toughened PC may be called a blend when the elastomer content exceeds 5 or 45 wt%. Evidently, these products are blends and should be treated as such. ... 

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