Elastomers methacrylate-butadiene styrene rubber

The homopolymers, which are formed from alkyl cyanoacrylate monomers, are inherently brittle. For applications which require a toughened adhesive, rubbers or elastomers can be added to improve toughness, without a substantial loss of adhesion. The rubbers and elastomers which have been used for toughening, include ethylene/acrylate copolymers, acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene (ABS) copolymers, and methacrylate/butadiene/styrene (MBS) copolymers. In general, the toughening agents are incorporated into the adhesive at 5-20 wt.% of the monomer. 

The mechanical degradation and production of macroradicals can also be performed by mastication of polymers brought into a rubbery state by admixture with monomer several monomer-polymer systems were examined (10, 11). This technique was for instance studied for the cold mastication of natural rubber or butadiene copolymers in the presence of a vinyl monomer (13, 31, 52). The polymerization of methyl methacrylate or styrene during the mastication of natural rubber has yielded copolymers which remain soluble up to complete polymerization vinyl acetate, which could not produce graft copolymers by the chain transfer technique, failed also in this mastication procedure. Block and graft copolymers were also prepared by cross-addition of the macroradicals generated by the cold milling and mastication of mixtures of various elastomers and polymers, such as natural rubber/polymethyl methacrylate (74), natural rubber/butadiene-styrene rubbers (76) and even phenol-formaldehyde resin/nitrile rubber (125). 

ABA ABS ABS-PC ABS-PVC ACM ACS AES AMMA AN APET APP ASA BR BS CA CAB CAP CN CP CPE CPET CPP CPVC CR CTA DAM DAP DMT ECTFE EEA EMA EMAA EMAC EMPP EnBA EP EPM ESI EVA(C) EVOH FEP HDI HDPE HIPS HMDI IPI LDPE LLDPE MBS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-polycarbonate alloy Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-poly(vinyl chloride) alloy Acrylic acid ester rubber Acrylonitrile-chlorinated pe-styrene Acrylonitrile-ethylene-propylene-styrene Acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate Acrylonitrile Amorphous polyethylene terephthalate Atactic polypropylene Acrylic-styrene-acrylonitrile Butadiene rubber Butadiene styrene rubber Cellulose acetate Cellulose acetate-butyrate Cellulose acetate-propionate Cellulose nitrate Cellulose propionate Chlorinated polyethylene Crystalline polyethylene terephthalate Cast polypropylene Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride Chloroprene rubber Cellulose triacetate Diallyl maleate Diallyl phthalate Terephthalic acid, dimethyl ester Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer Ethylene-ethyl acrylate Ethylene-methyl acrylate Ethylene methacrylic acid Ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer Elastomer modified polypropylene Ethylene normal butyl acrylate Epoxy resin, also ethylene-propylene Ethylene-propylene rubber Ethylene-styrene copolymers Polyethylene-vinyl acetate Polyethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers Fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers Hexamethylene diisocyanate High-density polyethylene High-impact polystyrene Diisocyanato dicyclohexylmethane Isophorone diisocyanate Low-density polyethylene Linear low-density polyethylene Methacrylate-butadiene-styrene... 

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) homopolymer is a stiff, rather brittle plastic with a glass temperature of about 80°C. While somewhat more ductile than polystyrene homopolymer, it is still important to blend PVC with elastomer systems to improve toughness. For example, methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS) elastomers can impart impact resistance and also optical clarity (see Section 3.3). ABS resins (see Section 3.1.2) are also frequently employed for this purpose. Another of the more important mechanical blends of elastomeric with plastic resins is based on poly(vinyl chloride) as the plastic component, and random copolymers of butadiene and acrylonitrile (AN) as the elastomer (Matsuo, 1968). On incorporation of this elastomeric phase, PVC, which is ordinarily a stiff, brittle plastic, can be toughened greatly. A nonpolar homopolymer rubber such as polybutadiene (PB) is incompatible with the polar PVC. Indeed, electron microscopy shows... 

Impact Modifiers Impact modifiers are either systems with spherical elastomer particles in a rigid polymer matrix or they are systems with a honeycomb, network type of dispersed elastomeric phase. For the spherical elastomeric particles, examples are acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS) and acrylics. These systems are either graft copolymers of methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate-styrene or methyl methacrylate-ethylhexyl acrylate-styrene. For the honeycomb, network type of dispersed elastomeric phase ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) or directly dispersed rubber are examples. Both of these two impact modifiers exist in the polymeric form, hence they can hardly migrate and evaporate because of their size. As a result, they pose almost no problems to health. For PVC window frame production, usually the first type (and acrylic impact modifiers) are used while MBS modifiers are found to be very effective in plasticised as well as in rigid PVC. CPE is mainly used in PVC for products like sheet, pipe, gutters and sidings. 

The brittle characteristics of poly(methyl methacrylate) may be improved by copolymerization of small amounts of ethyl or butyl methacrylate or other monomers, and addition of small amounts of butadiene-styrene rubber (89). The latter practice, of course, is similar to the use of SBR elastomers to toughen polystyrene see Section 13.10.1. 

Emulsion polymers - [POLYMERS] (Vol 19) -acrylic elastomers [ELASTOMERS, SYNTHETIC - ACRYLICELASTOMERS] (Vol 8) -of acrylic monomers [ACRYLIC ESTER POLYMERS - SURVEY] (Vol 1) -of acrylonitrile [ACRYLONITRILE POLYMERS - SURVEY AND SAN (STYRENE-ACRYLONITRILECO-POLYMERS)] (Vol 1) -of methacrylic monomers [METHACRYLIC POLYMERS] (Vol 16) -nitrile rubber by [ELASTOMERS, SYNTHETIC - NITRILE RUBBER] (Vol 8) -of styrene/butadiene [STYRENE-BUTADIENERUBBER] (Vol 22) -synthetic rubber by [ELASTOMERS, SYNTHETIC - SURVEY] (Vol 8) -ofVDF [FLUORINECOMPOUNDS,ORGANIC-POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE)] (Volll) -for medical diagnostic reagents [MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC REAGENTS] (Vol 16)... 

Py-GC-MS has been used to characterise elastomers including natural rubber, butyl rubber, polychloroprene and acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer [91]. Other copolymers that have been investigated include 1-octene-l-decene-l-dodecane terpolymer [92], acrylic-acid methacrylic acid [39],styrene-butadiene[93-95],styrene-isoprene [54], ethylene-vinyl acetate [96], polyisopropenyl cyclohexane - -methyl styrene [57], vinyl pyrrolidine- methacryloxysilicone [97], ethylene-carbon monoxide [98], acrylic copolymers [99], 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidine - l-vinyl-3-methylimidoazolium chloride [100], acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene [101], acetone-furfural [102] and styrene-acrylonitrile [103]. 

It is claimed that styrene/butadiene diblock polymers bring about an improvement in the hardness, strength, and processability of polybutadiene elastomers (27), as well as an improvement in the ozone resistance of neoprene rubber (28). Styrene diblock polymers have also been made with isoprene, a-methyIstyrene, methyl methacrylate, vinylpyridine, and a-olefins. Block copolymers of ethylene, propylene, and other a-olefins with each other have been made as well. Heteroatom block copolymers based on styrene or other hydrocarbons and alkylene oxides, phenylene oxides, lactones, amides, imides, sulfides, or slloxanes have been prepared. 

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