Effects on Endothelial Function

Hodgson JM, Croft KD. 2006. Dietary flavonoids Effects on endothelial function and blood pressure. J Sci Food Agric 86 2492-2498. 

Steinberg FM, Guthrie NL, Villablanca AC, Kumar K, Murray MJ. 2003. Soy protein with isoflavones has favorable effects on endothelial function that are independent of lipid and antioxidant effects in healthy postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 78 123-130. 

Landmesser U, Bahlmann R Mueller M, et al, Simvastatin versus ezetimibe pleiotropic and lipid-lowering effects on endothelial function in humans. Circulation 2005 III 2356-2363. 

SU is the most used antidiabetic drug in T2D today, as mentioned above. The difference in potency of the preparations mentioned above is minimal and no major differences in side-effects are seen either. The tendency is to use either glimepiride, since it may not impair cardiac function after a myocardial infarction, or ghclazides, which may have a beneficial effect on endothelial function. The drawback of SU preparations is that they can result in prolonged hypoglycaemic events [22]. 

Another important aspect of the mechanism of tea in controlling cardiovascular diseases is the positive effects on endothelial functions. Abnormalities in endothelial function lead to several disorders, including CVDs. The daily consumption of black tea (900 ml/day) for 4 weeks improved the endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation of the branchial artery associated with coronary artery disease [100]. Similar effects on branchial artery dilation have been reported with green tea... 

Pfizer s tenidap (CP-66,248) (157), another enolic compound, was also more potent (500-fold) toward CO over 5-LO inhibition in human ISN (0.032 /iM and 18 /iM, respectively) [379-381]. Efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials has been reported [380,382] in patients, serum levels of acute phase proteins and synovial fluid levels of IL-1 were reduced by tenidap, in contrast to the lack of this effect with NSAIDs. Besides CO/5-LO inhibition, a variety of in vitro activities have been reported, including a number of effects on monocyte functions and differentiation [379], inhibition of neutrophil degranulation [382], inhibition of the activation of neutrophil collagenase [383], inhibition of leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion [384], and inhibition of LTB4-induced neutrophil chemotaxis [385]. Al-... 

Shenouda SM, Vita JA. 2007. Effects of flavonoid-containing beverages and EGCG on endothelial function. J Am Coll Nutr 26 366S-372S. 

Squadrito F, Altavilla D, Crisafulli A, Saitta A, Cucinotta D, Morabito N, D Anna R, Corrado F, Ruggeri P, Frisina N, Squadrito G. 2003. Effect of genistein on endothelial function in postmenopausal women A randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Am J Med 114 470 -76. 

John S, Schneider MR Delles C, Jacobi J, Schmieder RE. Lipid-independent effects of statins on endothelial function and bioavailability of nitric oxide in hypercholesterolemic patients. Am Heart J 2005 149 473. 

Vita, J. A. (2005). Polyphenols and cardiovascular disease effects on endothelial and platelet function. Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 81, 292S-297S. 

Khan F, Elherik K, Bolton-Smith C, et al. The effects of dietary fatty acid supplementation on endothelial function and vascular tone in healthy subjects. Cardiovasc Res 2003 59(4) 955-962. 

Approximately half of randomized clinical trials demonstrated a beneficial effect of soy supplementation on endothelial function, shown either by increased brachial artery diameter or flow-mediated dilation, or decreased peak flow velocity. Of the studies reporting a positive effect, four reported an improvement in endothelial function after 4-6 weeks of supplementation with 20—25 g/d soy protein (Cuevas et al., 2003 Cupisti et al., 2007 Steinberg et al., 2003 Yildirir et al., 2001). The study populations in these four studies consisted of renal transplant patients and postmenopausal women. Three studies ranging from 6 weeks to 1 year also demonstrated an improvement in endothelial function in postmenopausal women following daily supplementation with soy isoflavones (54—90 mg/d) (Colacurci et al., 2005 Lissin et al., 2004 Squadrito et al., 2003). In addition, Azadbakht et al. (2007a) reported a decrease in E-selectin, a biomarker of endothelial function, after 8 weeks of soy-nut consumption in postmenopausal women. However, insufficient evidence is available to determine differential effects of soy protein dose or type of soy products on changes in endothelial function (Balk et al., 2005). 

Colacurci, N. A. Chiantera F. Fornaro V. de Novellis D. Manzella A. Arciello V. Chiantera L. Improta G. Paolisso. Effects of soy isoflavones on endothelial function in healthy postmenopausal women. Menopause 2005, 12, 299-307. 

Evans, M. V.Y. Njike M. Hoxley M. Pearson D.L. Katz. Effect of soy isoflavone protein and soy lecithin on endothelial function in healthy postmenopausal women. Menopause 2007, 14, 141-149. 

Squadrito, F. D. Altavilla A. Crisafulli A. Saitta D. Cucinotta N. Morabito R. D Anna F. Cor-rado P. Ruggeri N. Frisina, et al. Effect of genistein on endothelial function in postmenopausal... 

Ros et al. [7] studied the effects of a walnut diet on endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Twenty-one hypercholesterolemic men and women were randomly assigned to a cholesterol-lowering Mediterranean diet and a walnut diet, hi the walnut diet, walnuts replaced 32% of the enetgy obtained from MUFA in the control diet (40 to 65 g of walnuts/day). Participants followed each diet for 4 weeks. Eight men and 12 women (mean age 55 years) completed the trial. Compared with the control diet, the walnut diet improved endothefium-dependent vasodilatation (from 3.6% to 5.9%, P = 0.043) and reduced levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (from 465 to 378pmol/L, P = 0.045). The walnut diet reduced both total (4.4%, P = 0.017) and LDL cholesterol (6.4%, P = 0.010) concentrations significantly. 

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