Effects of Age and Sex

Premature but otherwise healthy infants were said by Reddemann and Weinke (R8) to have higher and more varied alkaline phosphatase levels than full-term infants, but this finding was not confirmed by Hilder-brand et al. (H13) or Kulkarni et al. (K36). However, very low-birth-weight infants are liable to develop rickets within the first few weeks of life with spectacular serum alkaline phosphatase elevations (C19, K36) (see also Section 6.3). 

It is not surprising that no correlation exists between the alkaline phosphatase activity of maternal blood drawn at term and that of the infant s cord blood (K22, L5), since most of the enzyme in the maternal circulation is of placental origin, while no placental enzyme is present in the serum of newborns (K22, Pll, P27). 

When boys and girls are treated as a homogeneous group, the combined mean serum alkaline phosphatase values show little alteration be- 

Means and Observed Ranges of Serum Alkaune Phosphatase Activities in Neonates as Determined by 17 Groups of Investigators 

Reference Authors units (see Table 2) Mean Range value and URL fo adults (approximati 

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Similar to R. dominica, a two-component male produced pheromone accounts for the aggregation of both sexes of another Bostrychid, Prostephanus truncatus. 1-Methylethyl (E)-2-methyl-2-pentenoate (trunc-call 1,T1) 114shows the same acid moiety as dominicalure 1 [229]. The second (slightly more active [230]) component proved to be 1-methylethyl (2E,4E)-2,4-dimethyl-2,4-hep-tadienoate (trunc-call 2, T2) 115. In this species, synergistic effects of the two compounds have been reported [229]. The effect of age and sex on the response of walking P. truncatus to its pheromone has been investigated [230]. Inter-... 

Until the significance of this latency is better understood, it seems justified to consider the activities of both activated and untreated enzyme as potentially useful parameters. In doing so, quite different conclusions were reached regarding the effects of age and sex (W9) and of in vivo treatment with phenobarbital (WIO). 

Eley TC, Stevenson J (1999) Exploring the covariation between anxiety and depression symptoms a genetic analysis of the effects of age and sex. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 40 1273-1282... 

Now bj measures the effect of size on time to disease recurrence while the coefficients 2 and bj measure the effects of age and sex respectively. More specifically, bj and b2 are the changes in the average time to disease recurrence as size and age each increase by one unit, respectively, while bj measures the sex effect the average time to disease recurrence for females minus that for males. Each of these quantities, which we can estimate from the data again using the method of least squares, represents the contribution of each of the variables separately in the presence of the other variables. 

Bixler EO, Kales A, Jacoby JA, Soldatos CR, Vela-Bueno A. Nocturnal sleep and wakefulness effects of age and sex in normal sleepers. Int J Neurosci 1984 23 3342. 

Mpuru S., Blomquist G. J., Schal C., Kuenzli M., Dusticier G., Roux M. and Bagneres A.-G. (2001) Effect of age and sex on the production of internal and external hydrocarbons and pheromones in the housefly, Musca domestica. Insect Biochem. Molec. Biol. 31, 139-155. 

Verbeeck RK, Cardinal JA, Wallace SM (1984) Effect of age and sex on the plasma binding of acidic and basic drugs. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 27(l) 91-97... 

Data for Intestinal absorption of Zn-65 In 75 normal volunteers (31 women, 44 men, aged 18-84 years) have recently been publlshed(36) and more recently the effects of age and sex on absorption have been evaluated. Three subjects who had eaten breakfast prior to receiving oral Zn-65 were also studied and their data compared with that from fasting subjects. 

Renber, MJ)., Glover, E.L. Carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis. Effect of age and sex. Arch. Path. 1968 85 275 -279... 

Thomas D, Fisher H, Hall L, et al. 1982. Effects of age and sex on retention of mercury by methyl mercury-treated rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 62 445-454. 

From Leonard PJ. The effect of age and sex on biochemical parameters in blood of healthy human subjects. In Siest G, ed. Reference values in human chemistry. Basel Karger, 1973 134-40. 

Simpson JM, Bateman DN, Rawlins MD. 1987. Using the adverse reactions register to study the effects of age and sex on adverse drug reactions. Statist. Med. 6 863-867. 

Marzulli and Maibach 1984 Bronaugh et al. 1986). The literature on the effect of age and sex on percutaneous absorption in other species, where more data are available, is confused. For example, it was reported (Banks et al. 1990) that the dermal absorption of certain marker compounds was lower in older rats but that, for different compounds, the reverse was the case (Hall et al. 1992) or indeed that age did not influence dermal absorption in rats (Dick and Scott 1992). Skin permeation in the hairless mouse generally increases with age, corresponding to the single hair cycle, but decreases with a return to the hairless state (Behl et al. 1984a,b). 

Davy, C. W., M. R. Jackson, and J. M. Walker. 1984. Reference intervals for some clinical chemistry parameters in the marmoset Callithrix jacchus) Effect of age and sex. Laboratory Animals 18 135-142. 

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