Effect on LPS-induced

Jolad, S.D., Lantz, R.C., Solyom, A.M., Chen, G.J., Bates, R.B. and Timmermann, B.N. (2004) Fresh organically grown ginger (Zingiber officinale) composition and effects on LPS-induced PGE2 production. Phytochemistry 65(1 3), 1 937-1954. 

An extract of devil s claw dose-dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced synthesis of TNF-a in stimulated primary human monocytes. The compounds harpagide and harpagoside had no effect on LPS-induced TNF-a release (Fiebich et al. 2001). 

Ascorbic acid exerted a weak inhibition and 3-carotene was not effective. At a concentration >100 pM, ascorbic acid significantly inhibited LPS-induced PGE production. The maximum inhibition was 56%. In contrast, 3-carotene had no effect on LPS-induced PGE production (23). 

The inhibitory effect was not accompanied by a significant change in COX-2 protein expression under these culture conditions (compound and LPS added simultaneously and cultured for 18 h), as revealed by Western blot analysis. At concentrations that showed maximum inhibitory effects on LPS-induced PGE2 production, there were no significant differences in the amount of COX-2 protein between the cells treated with the above-mentioned compounds and those cells induced by 1 ng/mL LPS only (23). 

In the murine model of septic shock, DS-96 afforded significantly better protection than PMB at 4 mg/kg (p<0.01, Ch-square test (see manuscript)) (Fig. 12.18a). We confirmed that the protection afforded by DS-96 was attributable to attenuated LPS-induced cytokine production. DS-96 was without any effect on lethality induced by 100 ng/animal of recombinant murine TNF-a. Furthermore, an in vivo Schild-type profile was observed with multiples of LD100 doses of LPS requiring escalating doses of DS-96 for protection which clearly show the specificity of the compound as an LPS-sequestrant (Fig. 12.18b). In time-course experiments, DS-96 was maximally effective when administered concurrent to, or up to 4 h prior to LPS administration, partial protection persisted even up to 8 h prior to LPS challenge implying a favorable half-life (Fig. 12.19). This has been confirmed by pharmacokinetic (PK) experiments (see below). 

Dokter WHA, Koopmans SB, VeUenga E. Effects of IL-10 and IL-4 on LPS-induced transcription factors (AP-1, NF-IL6 and NF-kappa B) which are involved in IL-6 regulation. Leukemia 1996 10 1308-16. 

Berdyshev E, Boichot E, Corbel M, Germain N, Lagente V (1998) Effects of cannabinoid receptor ligands on LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice. Life Sci 63 L125-L129... 

Activation of nuclear factor-xB is necessary for the induction of both TNF-a and Mn superoxide dismutase mRNAs by LPS (White et al. 2000). Neither hypoxia (1 % O2,5 % CO2, and 94 % N2) nor di-phenylene iodonium (0.5 to 5 pM) had any effect on LPS activation of nuclear factor-xB in human monocytes (White and Tsan 2001). Treatment of human alveolar macrophages with LPS, polymeric-and secretory-IgA, but not 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate, induced NF-xB activation through IxBa phosphorylation and subsequent proteolysis (Ouadrhiri et al. 2002). 

Stefan M, Melnig V, Pricop D, Neagu A, Mihasan M, Tartau L, Hritcu L. Attenuated effects of chitosan-capped gold nanoparticles on LPS-induced toxicity in laboratory rats. Mater Sd Eng C. 2012 33(l) 550-6. 

Hara H, Nakamura Y, Ninomiya M, Mochizuki R, Kamiya T, Aizenman E, Koketsu M, Adachi T (2011) Inhibitory effects of chalcone glycosides isolated from Brassica rapa L. hidabeni and their synthetic derivatives on LPS-induced NO production in microglia. Bioorg Med Chem 19 5559-68... 

Woo KJ, Lim JH, Suh SI, Kwon YK, Shin SW, Kim SC, Choi YH, Paik JW, Kwon TK (2006) Differential inhibitory effects of baicalein and baicalin on LPS-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression through inhibititm of C/EBPheta DNA-binding activity. Immunobiology 211(5) 359-368. doi 10.1016/j.imbio.2006.02.002, S0171-2985(06)00024-6 [pii]... 

Effects of THpCs on Nitrite Production from Macrophages. The effects of four MTCCs (la/b) and MTCdiCs (2a/b) on LPS-induced nitrite production... 

Figure 3, Effects oftetrahydro-p-carboline derivatives identified in aged garlic extract on LPS-induced nitrite production from macrophages. Data represent means SE of triplicate samples. Significant difference (p<0.01) compared with control without samples,...

Figure 4. Effects of rosemary phytochemicals on LPS-induced nitrite formation in RAW 264.7 cells. Cells were treated with or without indicated concentrations of tested compounds [carnosic acid (CA), carnosol (CL), rosmarinic acid (RA), ursolic acid (UC)] and LPS (1 pg/mL) for 24 h. Amounts of nitrite released to culture medium was determined by Griess reagent and read at OD 550 nm with a sodium nitrite standard curve. Data represent means SE of triplicate tests.

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