Effect on Germination

P. Sathiyamoorthy, Identification of vanillic and p-coumaric acid as endogenous inhibitors of soybean seeds and their inhibitory effect on germination. J. Plant P/m-w/. /id 120 (1990). 

In addition to the sesquiterpene lactones, two chromenes, Eupa-toriochromene (I) and Encecalin (II) (14) have been isolated from yellow starthistle and have been shown to have some effects on germination and growth of lettuce. 

A seed dressing method based on electrons was developed and tested by Lindner et al. (1996) and Schauder (2003) as a direct method to improve seed quality and remove/reduce seedborne disease inocula. Electron seed dressing effectively removed common bunt spores (Tilletia caries) and reduced bunt levels compared to untreated seeds in field trials. However, its efficacy against M. nivale has not, as yet, been confirmed. Since this technique has potentially negative effects on germination rates of seed, it is limited to surface treatments (Jahn, 2002 Jahn et al., 2005). 

The effects on germination of microspores depend on the concentration and the distance from the object glass with microspores moistened with nutrient medium lavender oil (active matter) inhibit or not the process, while the volatile exretions from other plant species have no inhibitory, but stimulatory effects. Only water extract from red pepper demonstrates weak activity. 

Arora A, Yaduraju NT (1998) High-temperature effects on germination and viability of weed seeds in soil. J Agron Crop Sci 181 35—43... 

Anaya, A.L., Pelayo-Benavides, H.R. Allelopathic potential of Mirabilis jalapa L. (Nyctaginaceae) Effects on germination, growth and cell division of some plants. Allelopathy J 1997 4 57-68. 

Certain secondary metabolites are released into the environment and affect the growth and development of different species. The mode/s of action of allelochemicals are diverse, and this knowledge is essential to developmental biology. Previous experiments showed an effect on germination and radicle growth of the hydroxamic acid, 2-benzoxazolinone (BOA), a compound released by plants (mainly grasses) into the environment. Alterations of plant energy metabolism were also reported for BOA. Other effects have been noted, but there are still some doubts about the precise mode of action in the affected plants. 

Figure 2. Effects of CaCl2 on bioassays for ethylene and abscisic acid. A effects on swelling of etiolated pea stems in the presence and absence of ethylene and B effects on germination of lettuce seeds in the presence ana absence of abscisic acid ( IS).

Some of these lactones, like chrysanthemolactone itself (189) have a potent inhibitory effect on germination. ... 

The compounds exerted essentially no significant effect on germination. 

The pronounced effect on germination of Botrytis conidia on the leaf surface explains the excellent efficacy of fludioxonil after preventive apphcation -application timings before inoculation. 

Nanosdver may also have a negative effect on the human reproductive system. This is possible due to the use of various commercially available products, such as intimate body care preparations. Ahamed et al. demonstrated that nanosilver has a toxic effect on germinal stem line cells, causing reduced mitochondrial function and permeability of the cellular membrane (Ahamed et al., 2010). 

Roberts, D.R., Lazaroff, W.R., and Webster, F.B. (1991) Interaction between maturation and high relative humidity treatments and their effects on germination of Sitka spruce somatic embryos. J. Plant Physiol., 138 1-6. 

Burmeister, H. R. and R. D. Plattner, Enniatin production by Fusarium tricinctum and its effect on germinating wheat seeds, Phytopathology, 77, 1483-11487 (1987). 

PicMAN, A. K., Aqueous solubility of isoalantolactone and its effect on germination and biomass production of redroot pigweed and late flowering goosefoot, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 14, 361-364 (1986b). 

Higher plants Barley (endosperm) Peas, lettuce Weeds Enzyme stimulation during germination. Stimulation of amylase synthesis. Cell extension growth, especially in dwarf varieties of Pisum sativum. Effects on germination. 

Inhibitory effect on germination 2-(Pent-l-enyl)quinoIine, 2-n-pentyIquinoIine, 2- -propyIquinoIine, graveoline [38,41],... 

Inhibitory effect on germination Anti-HIV activity Muscle Relaxant Estrogenic activity Anti-inflammatory activity Neurodegenerative diseases Phtotoxicity (anti-psoriasis activity)... 

Table 4.2. The effect on germination of the surface area of Meteor pea seeds in contact with wet fine sand...

Seed and fruit coats can act as barriers to the uptake of water and thus prevent or retard germination. They can also affect respiration by limiting the permeability to oxygen. Coat effects on germination and the restriction of gaseous exchange is another topic reserved for the second volume. 

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