Effect of trauma

Summary of the effects of trauma on the immune system and the whole body... 

SUMMARY OF THE EFFECTS OF TRAUMA ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND THE WHOLE BODY... 

Yehuda R, Halligan SL, Golier J, Grossman R, Bierer LM (2004b) Effects of trauma exposure on the cortisol response to dexamethasone administration in TPSD and major depressive disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 29 389-404... 

A large body of literature has by now been published that shows both the richness of MDMA s effects and the difficulty in summarizing, explaining, or analyzing them. Outstanding characteristics of the substance have been observed in relation to psychotherapy, sexuality, amelioration of the effects of trauma and depression, and spiritual development. 

The effect of nonfatal injuries such as a 2-hour period of bilateral hind-limb ischemia or a full-thickness scald of 20% of skin surface on the LDso of DNOC and its hyperthermic effect were evaluated in male rats (Stoner 1969). The intraperitoneal LDs° of DNOC was significantly (p<0.001) reduced from 24.8 to 26.2 mg/kg to 14 mg/kg DNOC when DNOC was given 1.5- 24 hours after either type of nonfatal injury. The authors concluded that the toxicity of DNOC was increased by previous trauma. These investigators proposed that this interaction was associated with sequential blocking of the tricarboxylic acid cycle with inhibition of citrate synthetase reaction during the early part of the response to the injury. Because DNOC acts as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, less ATP is produced. Therefore, the effects of trauma will be enhanced by an uncoupling agent such as DNOC. 

Stoner HB. 1969. Studies on the mechanism of shock The effect of trauma on the toxicity of 3,5 dinitro-o-cresol and sodium fluoroacetate. Br J Exp Pathol 50 277-284. 

Includes a variety of techniques balancing symptom management and emotional control with work aimed at reexperiencing feelings and healing the effects of trauma. By Aphrodite Matskakis, Ph.D. Hardcover, 39.95... 

Glucocorticoid therapy involves administering glucocorticoids to reduce the effects of trauma, decrease infections, and reduce anxiety. Commonly prescribed medications for glucocorticoid therapy are ... 

Other studies of H NMR spectra of blood plasma in cancer have included general studies, comparison of NMR and chromatographic methods, testicular cancer, effects on plasma sialic acids, use of both H and C NMR spectra, lung cancer, the effect of trauma and dyslipoproteinemia. ... 

The intellectual confusion over the issue of the natural and unnatural by Galen and his followers seems to be due of a growing awareness of the importance of homeostasis of the body, namely, the need to maintain the constancy of the internal physiological environment. Homeostasis is a powerful concept, and there was much accumulating data to support it. Not least, injury as in the gladiatorial arena must have well illustrated the undesirability physiological effects of trauma in departures from the anatomical norm. 

Johnston, I. D. A., Ross, H., Welbom, T. A., and Wright, A. D., The effect of trauma on glucose tolerance and the serum levels of insulin and growth hormone. In Combined Injuries and Shock (B. Schildt and L. Thor6n, eds.), Intermedes Proceedings, pp. 127-132. Swedish Res. Inst. Natl. Defence, Stockholm, 1968. Jouan, P., and Samperez, S., Specific action of STH on the secretion of aldosterone in vitro. Ann. Endocrinol. (Paris) 26, 70-75 (1964). 

Alfaro DV, Liggett PE. Intravenous cefazolin in penetrating eye injuries. Effects of trauma and multiple doses on intraocular delivery. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1994 232 238-241. 

Craddock et al. (11-14) documented that activation of the complement system leading to increased PMN adhesion may occur during hemodialysis and hemoperfusion. An additional mechanism that may be important in the pathogenesis of perfusion abnormalities is the contribution of the effects of trauma from bulk shear stress, which is considered in this study. 

This book chapter presents competently the pathologic vitreous, including developmental abnormalities, inflammation, hemorrhage, effects of trauma, systemic diseases, and degenerative processes. 

Numerous non-pathological appearances can simulate disease processes in the developing skeleton. These maybe anatomical variants, related to irregular, decreased or increased mineralisation during ossification, or artefactual. Only those that simulate the effects of trauma will be covered in this chapter, which is not intended to be exhaustive. Skeletal variations that are more commonly encountered in paediatric practice are included but the reader is directed to more comprehensive texts such as Theodore Keats Atlas (Keats and Anderson 2001), which this chapter is not designed to replace as a reference text. 

The skin is well adapted to cope with many types of trauma, but excessive friction and microtrauma can result in the formation of various dermatoses (Table i). Microtraumas include a variety of superficial skin injuries friction, abrasions, pressure, stretching, compressions, cuts, etc. Mechanical insults to the skin may affect all levels of the skin from the cornified layer through the subcutaneous fat. The time allowed for adaptation determines the reaction of the skin. Slowly increasing pressure or friction induces hyperkeratosis, lichenification and calluses, while sudden friction can induce blisters. The effects of trauma are modified by humidity, sweating, age, gender, nutritional status, infection, genetic and racial factors. 

This technique has been used successfully to relieve headaches, reduce fever, assist in difficult labor, relieve congested sinuses and lungs, reduce edema, and generally promote the interchange of fluids throughout the body. It can also be used to reduce the effects of trauma, such as a whiplash injuiy. Administering a CV-4 may... 

Stress and Trauma. Many types of stresses and traumas (the term used for sudden shocks, injuries, or wounds to the body) may alter various aspects of mineral metabolism. The reactions of the body to various types of stresses and traumas are similar because (1) such stresses as the deprivation of food or water, extremes of heat or cold, or emotional upsets may damage the body tissues in ways which are similar to the effects of trauma and (2) most traumas provoke substantial increases in the secretion of stress hormones by the pituitary and adrenal glands. The prolonged secretion of abnormally high levels of stress hormones may lead to excessive losses of potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and zinc in the urine. Usually, such conditions are accompanied by greater than normal... 

The second adverse effect from working in major collisions is the cumulative effect of trauma. Everyone has a limit that they can be exposed to there are only so many cases you can attend and so many faces of death you can look at before you reach that limit. Again, the problan is that everyone s limit is different, and you never know when you turn up at a crash if this is the one that will be the catalyst that pushes you over the edge. 

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