Effect of inorganic phosphate and

Bryant RD, Laishley EJ. 1993. The effect of inorganic phosphate and hydrogenase on the corrosion of nuld steel. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 38 824-7. 

UchidaM,SawadaH,AsaiT, Suzuki M (1981) Effect of inorganic phosphate and dissolved oxygen on production of maridomycin. J Ferment Technol 59 399-401... 

Tesi, C., Colomo, F., Nencini, S., Piroddi, N., and Poggesi, C. (2000). The effect of inorganic phosphate on force generation in single myofibrils from rabbit skeletal muscle. Biophys.J. 78, 3081-3092. 

The results discussed in this article showed that the effect of inorganic phosphate on the course of the Maillard reaction may be described by general base catalysis following approximately first-order kinetics. The effect is optimum in the pH-range between 5 and... 

Increased level of inorganic phosphate leads to a rise in total adenylate level (28) which favours the oxidative phosphorylation and promotes phosphorylation and further carbohydrate metabolism, As in the case Of glucose and other rapidly metabolized substrates, this results in an accumulation of inhibitory catabolites. The mechanism of inhibitory effect of inorganic phosphate may be identical with that of catabolite repression. The action of some positive effectors of secondary metabolite synthesis which also abolish the inhibitory effect of inor-... 

Numerous effects of inorganic phosphates when added to milk have been reported. Many of these are explained in terms of precipitation of calcium phosphate and calcium caseinate, or the removal of these compounds by formation of soluble complexes. 

Some have attempted to explain the Pasteur effect on the basis of concentration changes of inorganic phosphate and ATP others have postulated a direct influence on the enzymes. So far, the question remains unsolved. 

This hypothesis is based on two reasonable assumptions 1. that phosphory-lated derivatives of the three moieties are synthesized initially and 2. that the trisaccharide is subsequently formed by condensation of these derivatives to yield streptomycin and inorganic phosphate (comparable to the synthesis of some other oligosaccharides). If some of the reactions are reversible, then a high concentration of phosphate would tend to inhibit streptomycin formation. Effective synthesis would require then 1. a low concentration of inorganic phosphate and 2. a supply of phosphorylated intermediates. 

The modes of action for niclosamide are interference with respiration and blockade of glucose uptake. It uncouples oxidative phosphorylation in both mammalian and taenioid mitochondria (22,23), inhibiting the anaerobic incorporation of inorganic phosphate into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Tapeworms are very sensitive to niclosamide because they depend on the anaerobic metaboHsm of carbohydrates as their major source of energy. Niclosamide has selective toxicity for the parasites as compared with the host because Httle niclosamide is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Adverse effects are uncommon, except for occasional gastrointestinal upset. 

Figure 4.9 Effect of reduced glutathione (GSH) (0.25-1.0 ihm) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (0.25-1.0 mM) on ouabain-sensitive Na/K ATPase activity. An isolated Na/K ATPase preparation was prepared from fresh bovine ventricular tissue. Na/K ATPase activity was determined and quantified by the ouabain-sensitive hydrolysis of ATP to yield Inorganic phosphate. The rate of inorganic phosphate production was compared prior to and following the addition of either GSH or GSSG to the Incubation mixture. The data are presented as...

There seems to be a specific requirement for Mg2+, as it is much more effective than other divalent cations, the sequence being Mg2+ Zn2+> Co2+, Mn2+ Cd2+. This is due to the slower rate of release of inorganic phosphate from the enzyme in the presence of cations other than Mg2+, and reflects the high lability of Mg2+-oxygen bonds.291... 

Barrow, N. J. (1979). The effects of temperature on the reactions between inorganic phosphate and soil. J. Soil Sci. 30, 271-279. 

In 1978 Cohn and Hu (1) demonstrated the isotopic effect by 180 on the Ip-nmr spectrum of inorganic phosphate. For each that replaces an 1 0, an upfield shift of 0.021 ppm results. Thus the chemical shift for HP O 58 is 0.084 ppm downfield from Hpl 04=. Based on this observation it is obvious that any chemical event that potentially involves substitution or exchange of an 0 for 16() in phosphorus containing compounds can be followed by monitoring the Ip-nmr spectrum throughout the course of the reaction. This article describes experiments from my laboratory on two enzymes that catalyze phosphoryl transfer reactions and our use of the [1 0/1 0] lp-nmr methodology to detect intermediates in the enzymic reactions. 

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