Effects effect

Mild steel Effective Effective Effective Effective Effective Reasonably effective Reasonably effective... 

Copper and copper alloys Effective Partially effective Partially Effective Effective effective Reasonably Reasonably effective effective... 

Corrective action Appropriate Sufficient Efficient Effective, Effective Effective Efficient Eunctioning No capacity-... 

Effects of repeated ethylene glycol peroral overexposure in treated rats and mice can result in kidney, Hver, and nervous system damage. The most sensitive indicators of ethylene glycol toxicity are disturbances in acid—base balance and nephrotoxic (kidney) effects. Effects of repeated chronic peroral overexposure of diethylene glycol in treated rats result in kidney and Hver damage (48). 

Use of warm processes on a downdraft table should be avoided since the air velocity created by the exhaust is often lower than the velocity due to buoyancy effects. Effective use of a downdraft table for welding requires velocities high enough to counteract the buoyancy, which could result in disturbances of the welding process. 

The response of humans to var> ing doses of radiation is a field tlmt has been widely studied. The obscr ed radiation effects can be categorized as stochastic or nonstochastic effects, depending upon tlie dose received and tlie time period over which such dose was received. Contrary to most biological effects, effects from radiation usually fall under tlie category of stochastic effects. The nonstochastic effects can be noted as having three qualities a minimum dose or tlucshold dose must be rcceii ed before the particular effect is obsen ed the magnitude of the effect increases as the size of the dose increases and a clear, casual relationship can be determined between the dose and the subsequent effects. 

Nutzen, m. use, utility, advantage, profit. Nutz-gas, n. (Aero.) impellent, -gras, n. grass for feed, -holz, n. commercial timber, lumber, -kapazitat, /. useful capacity, -last, /. useful load, pay load, -leistung,/. useful work, useful effect, effective output. nlltzUch, a. useful, serviceabla profitable, advantageous, expedient. 

WirkungS Azt, /. kind of action mode of acting mode of operation, -bereich, m. range of action or effect, effective range, -bombe, /. demolition bomb, high-capacity bomb, -dauer, /. period (or duration) of action or effect. 

Another type of NR crosstalk, which has only recently been recognized, is the so-called nongenomic actions of several receptors that induce very rapid cellular effects. Effectively, evidence has accumulated over several decades that steroid receptors may have a role that does not require their transcriptional activation, such as modifying the activity of enzymes and ion channels. While the effects of steroids that are mediated by the modulation of gene expression do occur with a time lag of hours, steroids can induce an increase in several second messengers such as inositol triphosphate, cAMP, Ca2+, and the activation of MARK and PI3 kinase within seconds or minutes. Many mechanistic details of these nongenomic phenomena remain poorly understood. Notably, controversy still exists as to the identity of the receptors that initiate the non-genomic steroid actions. However, it now appears that at least some of the reported effects can be attributed to the same steroid receptors that are known as NRs. 

Bd Wt = body weight BuChE = butyrylcholinesterase Cardio = cardiovascular CEL = cancer effect effect level contin = continuous d = day(s) Derm = dermal Endocr = endocrine F = female Gastro = gastrointestinal Gd = gestation day(s) Gn pig = guinea pig Hemato = hematological hr= hour(s) LC50 = lethal concentration, 50% kill LOAEL = lowest-observed-adverse-effect level M = male min = minute(s) mo = month(s) Musc/skel = musculoskeletal NOAEL = no-observed-adverse-ettect level NS = not specified Resp = respiratory wk = week(s)... 

In general, a pesticide was banned because of an accumulation of data on negative effects, effects that were not observed or were considered acceptable at the time the permit was issued. Table 1.7 contains a list of popular pesticides, and gives an idea of how our government changed its thinking towards them. Here, as in other tables, the names of those pesticides banned after many years of use are shaded. 

Nelson, J.H. and E.S. Evans, Jr. 1973. Field evaluations of the larvicidal effectiveness. Effects on Non-target Species and Environmental Residues of a Slow-Release Polymer Formulation of Chlorpyrifos. U.S. Army Environ. Hygiene Agen. Rep. No. 44-022-73/75. Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. 15 pp. 

Body Weight Effects. Effects on body weight are common during intermediate-duration exposure of rats to -hexane and tend to occur prior to the development of neurotoxicity (see Section 2.2.1.4). In male Wistar rats exposed via inhalation to 0, 500, 1,200, or 3,000 ppm w-hexanc daily for 12 hours a day, body weight was lower in the treated groups from 4 weeks of exposure (Huang et al. 1989). Significantly... 

Primary endpoints Secondary endpoints In vivo model selection Species-specific effects Effects independent of species Animal model of disease... 

Hematologic Effects. Effects of 1,2-dibromoethane on the hematopoietic system of humans exposed by inhalation, oral, or dermal routes have not been described. Results of animal studies are equivocal except that, based on a study in rats, individuals taking disulfiram for alcoholism might be a susceptible human subpopulation at higher risk for adverse hematopoietic effects (Wong et al. 1982) (See Sections 2.6 and 2.7). 

Attention should be given to the occurrence of persisting irritating effects. Effects such as erythema, edema. Assuring, scaling, desquamation, hyperplasia, and opacity, which do not reverse within the test period may indicate that a substance will cause persistent damage to the human skin and eye. 

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