Economic planning

The aim of this chapter is to give the reader a setting (or back drop) to the moral and theoretical pre-conditions necessary to understand and accept before assigning monetary values to welfare impacts. After reading this chapter, the reader should at least understand how, from a philosophical, theoretical and practical point of view, monetary values of welfare effects can be produced by economists. Monetary values of welfare effects are crucial for economic planning and the allocation of economic... 

Donohue, John J., Ill, and Stephen D. Levitt. Guns, Violence and the Efficiency of Illegal Markets. American Economic Review, vol. 88, May 1998, pp. 463ff. Analyzes the role of guns in economic planning by criminals such as drug gangsters. The authors conclude that their decisions are based more on who is likely to win a confrontation than on the lethality of the weapons used. 

The nature of thermonuclear war was made all too clear in the highly secret report of the Strath Committee in March 1955 on the home defence implications of thermonuclear weapons. William Strath had been seconded from the Treasury s Central Economic Planning Staff to set up the War Plans Secretariat, and his colleagues on the committee included representatives of the Chiefs of Staff, the Ministry of Defence (the Chief Scientist, Sir Frederick Bmndrett, and the Deputy Secretary, Sir Richard Powell), and the Home Office, including the Director-General of... 

EPU 2006a. Mid-Term Review of the Ninth Malaysia Plan, 2006-2010. Putrajaya The Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister s Department. 

Economic expectations vs. reality Economic planning failures Political leadership General economic instability increases, increased cost of business Delay constriction, interruption of supply Refusal to lend... 

Baba, A. and Armannsson, H. (2006) Environmental impact of the utilization of geothermal areas. Energy Sources, Part B Economics, Planning and Policy, 1(3), 267-78. 

There have been some prudent other efforts to make a start with correcting the GNP for factors such as the deterioration of the quality of life and the natural environment. In the Green GNP, deductions have been introduced for goods and services required for environmental protection [2], Such corrections can easily lead to a 10% reduction in the GNP or a 50% reduction in economic growth. In Japan, the Economic Planning Agency (EPA) formulated a new economic indicator called National Net Welfare (NNW). The EPA s estimates were that the NNW is 12% less than Japan s GNP [2],... 

Bayesian procedures are important not only for estimating parameters and states, but also for decision making in various fields. Chapters 6 and 7 include applications to model discrimination and design of experiments further applications appear in Appendix C. The theorem also gives useful guidance in economic planning and in games of chance (Meeden, 1981). 

The industrial warfare of the twentieth century has required unprecedented steps toward the total mobilization of the society and the economy. 2 Even quite liberal societies like the United States and Britain became, in the context of war mobilization, directly administered societies. The worldwide depression of the 1930s similarly propelled liberal states into extensive experiments in social and economic planning in an effort to relieve economic distress and to retain popular legitimacy. In the cases of war and depression, the rush toward an administered society has an aspect of force majeure to it. The postwar rebuilding of a war-torn nation may well fall in the same category. 

Leon Smolinski, Lenin and Economic Planning, Studies in Comparative Communism 2, no. 1 (January 1969) 99. Lenin and Trotsky were explicit, Smolinski claims, about how electric centrals would create a farm population depen-... 

Vassiliev A, Ferro Luzzi G, Fluckiger Y, Ramirez J (2006) Unemployment and Employment Offices Efficiency What can be done Socio-economic Planning Sciences 40 3169—... 

There were 650,000 metric tons of TDI and 450,000 metric tons of MDI produced in 1978, not including production in countries having central economic planning (Table II). These two isocyanates constitute the largest volume the other isocyanates were produced in much smaller quantities. 

K. Feldmann, H. Scheller, H. Meerkamm, and D. Krause, Design for Recyclability and Economic Planning of Disassembly Based on the Recyclinggraph Tool in proceedings of RECY 94, Erlangen, Germany, pp. 76-90 (1994). 

Both the CND and WIB attempted to coordinate the economy by economic planning, but they lacked authority to enforce decisions. After President Wilson strengthened the WIB in March 1918, coordination occurred more smoothly, although the WIB still coddled as much as coerced business into cooperation. The WIB created cooperative committees to work with individual industries. In most cases, concentrated industries with few firms—such as the explosives industry— proved much easier for the WIB than the management of more competitive industries. The military branches continued to make their own purchases, but both the Navy and the War Departments increasingly cooperated with the WIB in setting priorities. Within the WIB, there was a chemicals division with about twenty sections. One section dealt specifically with explosives, and related sections with supplies of raw materials (such as toluene and nitric acid), synthetic dyes, and... 

Hence, the main economic planning objective for the distribution companies is to minimize all relevant costs while meeting relevant restrictions. 

The SED leaders made an effort to include the economic-technological elite in economic planning, and to this end founded in 1957 the Research Council (Forschungsrat) of the GDR. The best engineers and scientists worked in this committee. The council was unmistakably a committee of the "old intelligentsia."... 

Schilling, D. A., C. Revelle, and J. Cohon. 1983. An approach to the display and analysis of multi-objective problems. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences. 17(2) 57-63. 

Most professionals in the urban planning field have an area of specialty. Some of the most common areas are residential planning, transportation engineering and design, business and economic planning, historic preservation, environmental planning, and zoning and code enforcement. 

---