Ecological Applications

Reaction-transport equations allow us to model the spread of invading populations. Traveling front solutions describe the invasive process, and their velocity is a quantity that can be obtained from observational data. In this chapter we review some recent reaction-transport models and compare the theoretical predictions with the observed values for the rate of population invasions. 

From an environmental point of view, solving solid waste problems associated with the use of biostable polymers by their replacement with biodegradable polyesters is obviously a good choice. Recycling of polymers is also of 

Property (NatureWorks) (Perstorp) (Biocycle) (ShowaDenko) ( ShowaDenko ) 7011 (BASF) LDPE PET 

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Among potentiometric methods of analysis that are important for ecological applications, the one most widely used is that of pH measurements with an indicator electrode whose potential is a function of the hydrogen ion concentration. More recently, ion-selective electrodes reversible to other cations such as those of heavy metals have become available. 

Transgenic Plants Fundamentals and Applications, edited by Andrew Hiatt Soil Microbial Ecology Applications in Agricultural and Environmental Management, edited by F. Blaine Metting, Jr. 

Barnes JR, Minshall GW (1983) Stream ecology application and testing of general theory. Plenum, New York, p 399... 

Dukes, J. S. (2002). Species composition and diversity affect grassland susceptibility and response to invasion. Ecological Applications 12(2) 601-617. 

Denitrification in continental shelves and OMZs (oxygen minimum zones). Source From Seitzinger, S et al. (2006). Ecological Applications 16, 2064-2090. (See companion website for color version.)... 

Jeffers, J.N.R. (1978), An Introduction to Systems Analysis with Ecological Applications, University Park Press, Baltimore, MD. 

Kryuchkov V. 1993. Extreme anthropogenic loads and the northern ecosystem condition. Ecological Applications 3(4) 622-630. 

Tilman, E.A., Tilman, D., Crawley, M.J. and Johnston, A.E. 1999. Biological weed control via nutrient competition. Potassium limitation of dandelions. Ecological Applications 9(1) 103-111. 

Drinkwater, L.E., Letourneau, D.K., Workneh, F., van Bruggen, A.H.C., and Shennan, C. 1995. Fundamental differences between conventional and organic tomato agroecosystems in California. Ecological Applications 5 1098-1112. 

Marino, P.C. and Landis, D.A. 1996. Effect of landscape structure on parasitoid diversity and parasitism in agroecosystems. Ecological Applications 6 276-284. 

Bolton, H., Fredrickson, J. K. Elliot, L F. (1992). Microbial ecology of the rhizosphere. In Soil Microbial Ecology, Applications in Agriculture, Forestry and Environmental Management, ed. F. B. Metting, pp. 27-63- New York Marcel-Dekker. 

Faubel, A. and Meyer-Reil, L.-A., 1983. Measurement of enzymatic activity of meiobenthic organisms methodology and ecological application. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 24 35-49. 

Weathers, K. C., G. M. Lovett, G. E. Likens, and R. Lathrop. 2000. The effect of landscape features on deposition to Hunter Mountain, Catskill Mountains, New York. Ecological Applications 10 528-540. 

Gergel, S. E., M. G. Turner, and T. K. Kratz. 1999. Dissolved organic carbon as an indictor of the scale of watershed influence on lakes and rivers. Ecological Applications 9 1377-1390. 

Lovett, G. M., K. C. Weathers, and W. V. Sobczak. 2000. Nitrogen saturation and retention in forested watersheds of the Catskill Mountains, NY. Ecological Applications 10 73-84. 

Gergel, S. E., M. G. Turner, and T. K. Kratz. 1999. Dissolved organic carbon as an indictor of the scale of watershed influence on lakes and rivers. Ecological Applications 9 1377-1390. Giovannoni, S., and M. Rappe. 2000. Evolution, diversity, and molecular ecology of marine prokarytoes. In Microbial Ecology of the Oceans (D. L. Kirchman, Ed.), pp. 47-84. Wiley-Liss, New York. 

So far in this section the examples discussed have comprised of hetero aromatic antenna receptors, which mainly function as pH sensors. The detection of metal cations in biological, medical and ecological applications is of major interest. However, this requires more elaborate receptors that can selectively bind a specific metal cation. Naturally, the more elaborate the receptor required, the more challenging its synthesis becomes. The synthesis of lanthanide-based sensors of 53 and 54 has been reported with each ligand incorporating an antenna/receptor selective for zinc(ll) [158,159]. In both cases the receptors are structurally similar, with 53 synthesised from benzylamine and 54 from aniline. 

Kerr, J. T. and Ostrovsky, M. (2003) From space to species ecological applications for remote sensing. Trends Ecol. Evolution 18(6), 299-305. 

Bredesen, R. and Sogge, J. (1996) Presentation at the United Nation Seminar on the Ecological Applications of Innovative Membrane Technology in the Chemical Industry, Cetraro, Calabria, Italy. 

Marine Chemical Ecology Applications in Marine Biomedical Prospecting... 

PoffNL, Olden JD, Vieira NKM, Finn DS, Simmons MP, Kondratieff BC. 2006. Functional trait niches of North American lotic insects trait-based ecological applications in light of phylogenetic relationships. J NA Benthol Soc 25 730-755. 

Ecological applications of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy - a tool for rapid, cost-effective prediction of the composition of plant and animal tissues and aspects of animal performance. Oecologia, 116, 293-305. 

Millie, D.F., Paerl, H.W., and Hurley, J.P. (1993) Microalgal pigment assessments using high-performance liquid chromatography a synopsis of organismal and ecological applications. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50, 2513-2527. 

Fenn, M. E., Poth, M. A., Aber, J. D. et al. (1997). Nitrogen excess in North American Ecosystems predisposing factors, ecosystem responses, and management strategies. Ecological Applications, 8, 706-33. 

Townsend, A. R., Braswell, B. H., Holland, E. A. Penner, J. E. (1996). Spatial and temporal patterns in terrestrial carbon storage due to deposition of fossil fuel nitrogen. Ecological Applications, 6, 806-14. 

Updegraff, K., Bridgham, S. D., Pastor, J., Weishampel, P. Harth, C. (2001). Response of CO2 and CH4 emissions from peatlands to warming and water table manipulation. Ecological Applications, 11, 311-26. 

NABHOLZ J. v., CLEMENTS R. G. and ZEEMAN M. G. (1997), Information needs forrisk assessment in EPA s Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics , Ecological Applications, 7(4), 1094-1098. 

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