Eating inhibitors

The side effects of orlistat are extremely unpleasant. Patients may experience abdominal pain, gas, and discomfort when taking this drug the abdominal problems that occur are even more intense after the patient eats a high-fat meal. Since orlistat is a lipase inhibitor, it prevents fat from being absorbed by the body. Thus, the fat in food comes out of the body in the stool, causing these side effects ... 

A well-established inhibitor of gluconeogenesis is ethyl alcohol. This can cause problems in at least two situations. When alcoholic patients enter an alcoholic binge , they do not eat, so that liver glycogen is soon depleted. Since gluconeogenesis is inhibited, both hypoglycaemia and, as indicated below, lactic acidosis can develop. Indeed they may be the two most important factors that precipitate coma and collapse in the alcoholic patient. 

Free-living primates respond to plant chemistry black-and-white colobus monkeys, Colobus polykomos, avoid plant leaves with alkaloids, biflavonoids, and milky latex and prefer to eat leaves with a better ratio of nutrients to digestion inhibitors (McKey et al, 1981). The howler monkey, Alouatta palUata, a generalist herbivore, depends on more than one factor in its choice... 

Like sertraline, these two drugs are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Fluoxetine is prescribed for depression, bulimic binge-eating and vomiting, obsessive-compulsive disorder, obesity, alcoholism, and anorexia among other ailments. Paroxetine is used for depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Interestingly the three top antidepressants are chemically unrelated to each other, except for being amines, and are unrelated to earlier tricyclic antidepressants. 

Topotecan (Hycamtin) [Antineoplastic] WARNING Chemo precautions, for use by healthcare provides familiar w/ chemo agents, BM suppression possible Uses Ovarian CA (cisplatin-refractory), CCTvical Ca, NSCLC, sarcoma, ped NSCLC Action Topoisom ase I inhibitor -1- DNA S5mth Dose 1.5 mg/mVd as a 1-h IV inf X 5 d, r eat q3wk -1- w/ renal impair Caution [D, —]... 

The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) have been used in adults for a wide variety of disorders, including major depression, social anxiety (social phobia), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), eating disorders, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), trichotillomania, and migraine headaches. Some of the specific SSRI agents have an approved indication in adults for some of these disorders, as reviewed later in this chapter. The SSRIs have also been tried in children and in adults for symptomatic treatment of pain syndromes, aggressive or irritable ( short fuse ) behavior, and for self-injurious and repetitive behaviors. This chapter will review general aspects of the SSRIs and discuss their approved indications in children and adolescents. 

Ferguson, C., Lavia, M., Crossan, P., and Kaye, W. (1999) Are serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors effective in undetweight anorexia nervosa Int J Eat Disord 25 11-17. 

The ayahuasca potion is made of two plants, one of which reassembles double-helical vines. Ayahuasca contains the psychoactive chemicals DMT and several harmaline alkaloids. DMT can be extracted and smoked with powerful effect. However, eating DMT does little because MAO (mono-amine oxidase) in our guts deactivates the DMT when DMT is taken orally. On the other hand, the alkaloids in ayahuasca inhibit MAO in the gut, so that the brew is psychoactive. I wonder how the indigenous peoples of the Amazon ever figured out what plants from the thousands of plants in the forest to combine to get both the DMT and the MAO-inhibitor. 

Both ayahuasca and ibogaine contain natural MAO inhibitors as a result, the mind-altering compounds are not inactivated so quickly. No one is sure why the plants create the psychoactive compounds. Perhaps the chemicals keep away insects or plant-eating animals. Perhaps they attract plant eaters who seek mind-alteration and thus eat the plant and spread the seeds in their feces. People who have just one strong dose of ibogaine can go for many weeks with very little sleep, and scientists wonder how a drug that exits the system rather quickly can exert such a long-term effect. 

A newer class of MAO inhibitors, which has entered clinical practice for the treatment of depression, is known as reversible inhibitors of MAO A (RIMAs). This is a very welcome development in new drug therapeutics for depression, because it has the potential of making MAO A inhibition for the treatment of depression much safer. That is, the suicide inhibitors are associated with the dangerous hypertensive episodes mentioned above, which are caused when patients eat food rich in tyramine (such as cheese). This so-called cheese reaction occurs when the tyramine in the diet releases norepinephrine and other sympathomimetic amines (Fig. 5—23). When MAO is inhibited irreversibly, the levels of these amines rise to a dangerous level... 

Enter the reversible MAO inhibitors. If someone eats cheese, tyramine will still release sympathomimetic amines, but these amines will chase the reversible inhibitor off the MAO enzyme, allowing the dangerous amines to be destroyed (Fig. 6—24). This is sort of like having your cake—or cheese—and eating it, too. The reversible MAO inhibitors have the same therapeutic effects as the suicide inhibitors of MAO, but without the likelihood of a cheese reaction if a patient inadvertently takes in otherwise dangerous dietary tyramine. 

I. Basic Mechanism of Attack. The ultimate solution for preventing attack by micro-organisms will come once we know how an organism breaks wood down. How does the organism know wood is something to eat What does it recognize first to start the attack What enzymes are vital in the initial and sustained attack Is there a specific weak link in those important enzymes that can be used to develop selective inhibitors ... 

MAO inhibitors were the first widely used antidepressants, but because of various undesirable side effects they are employed today in only a more limited number of cases. People who are treated with MAO inhibitors, for example, must be careful of their diet. They should not eat food rich in tyramine or other biologically active amines. These foods include cheese, beer, and red wine. Individuals on MAO inhibitors are unable to inactivate tyramine present in the food. Because tyramine causes the release of endogenous norepinephrine, patients are susceptible to increased blood pressure (e.g., potential lethal cerebral hemorrhages) and cardiac arrhythmias. 

Adults with bulimia nervosa may be offered a trial with an antidepressant drug. Patients should be informed that antidepressant drugs can reduce the frequency of binge eating and purging. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and specifically fluoxetine, are the drugs of first choice for the treatment of bulimia... 

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