Howler monkeys

Free-living primates respond to plant chemistry black-and-white colobus monkeys, Colobus polykomos, avoid plant leaves with alkaloids, biflavonoids, and milky latex and prefer to eat leaves with a better ratio of nutrients to digestion inhibitors (McKey et al, 1981). The howler monkey, Alouatta palUata, a generalist herbivore, depends on more than one factor in its choice... 

De Souza, L. L., Ferrari, S. F., Da Costa, M. L., and Kern, D. C. (2002). Geophagy as a correlate of folivory in red-handed howler monkeys [Alouatta belzebul) from eastern Brazilian Amazonia. Journal ofChemical Ecology 28,1613-1621. 

Milton, K. (1979). Factors influencing leaf choice by howler monkeys a test of some hypotheses of food selection by generalist herhivorts. American Naturalist 114,362-378. 

Howler Monkey (Allouatta palida) / Tropical rain forest vegetation [Pj. (37)... 

Macaws, tapirs, howler monkeys and other animals eat clay, presumably for adsorbing toxins in their food. Macaws eat more clay during the dry season when they have to rely more on seeds with their potentially harmful secondary plant metabolites. They even feed their nestlings clay before they venture outside the nest cavity (Brightsmith 2002). 

New World monkeys are found from southern Mexico to southern Brazil, and are grouped into two separate families. Marmosets and tamarins are in the family Cal-litrichidae, while the capuchins, titis, night monkeys (or douroucoulis), sakis, howlers, wooly monkeys, and spider monkeys are included in the family Cebidae. The cebid monkeys are sometimes referred to as capuchinlike monkeys for lack of a better non-scientific term to separate them from the marmosets and tamarins. 

Cebid monkeys include capuchins (Cebus), night monkeys or douroucoulis (Aotus), titis (Callicebus), squirrel monkeys (Saimiri), sakis (Pithecia), bearded sakis (Chiropotes), uakaris (Cacajao), howler monkeys (Alouatta), spider monkeys Ateles), the woolly spider monkey (Brachyteles arachnoides), and woolly monkeys (Lagothrix). 

The subfamily Atelinae includes the spider monkeys, the woolly spider monkeys, and the woolly monkeys. These monkeys are as large as howler monkeys but thinner. 

Bilgener, M., Chemical components of howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) food choice and kinetics of tannin binding with natural polymers, Ph.D. Dissertation, Boston University, 1988. 

Malinow, M. R., and Maruffo, C. A. Naturally occurring atherosclerosis in howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya). J. Atheroscler. Res. 368-380, 1966. 

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