Pacific, Eastern

There is a zonal atmospheric circulation system associated with this normal ocean condition called the Walker Cell (Eig. 10-7). Evaporation rates are high over the warm pool and warm moist air ascends to great heights (deep convection) producing extensive cloud systems and rain. The Walker Cell is closed by westerly winds aloft and subsidence in the high-pressure zone of the eastern Pacific. 

Bruland (1980) has measured Ni concentrations (ngkg - ) and depth (z in meters) in the water column from the eastern Pacific (Table 5.11). Find the best set of coefficients for the advection -diffusion model of Craig (1969) to fit these data. 

An example of inverse calculation from dissolved Ni concentrations in the Eastern Pacific measured by Bruland (1980) is discussed in Chapter 5. Particularly important in inverting the data is to make sure that e must be larger than unity, since the rate constant is a positive parameter, o... 

Singh HB, Salas LJ, Stiles RE. 1983b. Methyl halides in and over the eastern Pacific (40°N-32°S). J Geophys Res 88 3684-3690. 

Aposematically colored, the yellow-bellied sea snake, Pehmis platurus (Hydrophiidae), of the eastern Pacific has venom and is distasteful. It has no known aquatic predators, although remains were found in murray eels and sharks. Predatory fish such as snappers refuse the snake. They reject its meat even when hidden in palatable squid. Predatory fish of the Atlantic ocean, however, ate the sea snake in experiments, and died after 1 of 12 meals (Rubinoff and Kropach, 1970). 

NWFSC Marine Biotoxin Program, part of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, provides information and services to the public, state agencies, tribes, university, and others in the Eastern Pacific region . 

The biological zonation and the water tenq)erature, which is related to the latitude, are also important in determining the distribution of natural products. The intertidal aixi subtidal zones, down to 200 m depth, correspond to the contii ntal shelf, where most seaweeds and productive invertebrates grow, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. These roughly correspond to the solar tropics and subtropics, besides a limited coastal zone in the eastern Pacific with unusually warm waters for this latitude. 

Kim, J. H., and M. J. Newchurch, Climatology and Trends of Tropospheric Ozone over the Eastern Pacific Ocean The Influences of Biomass Burning and Tropospheric Dynamics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 3723-3726 (1996). 

The polychlorinated androstanes clionastatins A (659) and B (660) were isolated from the burrowing sponge Cliona nigricans (Fig. 3.10) collected in two locations along the Italian coast (761). These unique metabolites have good cytotoxic activity against murine and human cancer cell lines. The eastern Pacific octocoral Carijoa multiflora has yielded the unusual chlorinated pregnanes 661 and 662 in a chloroform-free isolation process (762). 

Dorta E, Dtaz-Marrero AR, Cueto M, D Croz L, Mate JL, San-Martin A, Darias J (2004) Unusual Chlorinated Pregnanes from the Eastern Pacific Octocoral Carijoa multiflora. Tetrahedron Lett 45 915... 

Graves, J.E. and Somero, G.N. (1982). Electrophoretic and functional enzymic evolution in four species of eastern Pacific barracudas from different thermal environments. Evolution 36,97-106. 

Dumdei, E. J., Kubanek, J., Coleman, J. E., Pika, J., Andersen, R. J., Steiner, J. R., and Clardy, J., New terpenoid metabolites from the skin extracts, an egg mass, and dietary sponges of the North Eastern Pacific dorid nudibranch Cadlina luteomarginata, Can. J. Chem., 75, 773, 1997. 

Table 8.4 Thermal conditions at DSDP sites 504 and 505, south of the Costa Rica Rift zone, eastern Pacific Ocean. (After Wetzel, 1989.)...

Murphy, R.C., and Kremer, J.N. (1983) Community metabolism of Clipperton Lagoon, a coral atoll in the eastern Pacific. Bull. Mar. Sci. 33, 152-164. 

Dahlhoff, E., and G.N. Somero (1993a). Kinetic and structural adaptations of cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenases of eastern Pacific abalones (genus Haliotis) from different thermal habitats biochemical correlates of biogeographical patterning. J. Exp. Biol. 185 137-150. 

Stillman, J.H., and G.N. Somero (2000). A comparative analysis of the upper thermal tolerance limits of Eastern Pacific porcelain crabs (genus Petrolisthes). influences of latitude, vertical zona-tion, acclimation and phylogeny. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 73 200-208. 

NHa, S0E, HCHQ and H sQs and measurements of these gases have been made under field conditions and in smog chamber experiments. A modified version of the system in which a liquid Na Dewar was substituted for the helium cryostat was flown successfully in and above the boundary layer over the eastern Pacific to measure N0a and HNOa. 

A carbonate chemistry profile at the 1969 GEOSECS intercalibration station in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, Jour. Geophys. Res. 75, 7648-7666 (1969). 

The austral wintertime upper-level circulation (Fig. 2.1b) over South America is characterized by weak winds over the tropics, while the subtropical westerly jet is stronger and located more equatorward than in summer, in agreement with the descending branch of the Hadley-type circulation over that area. At lower levels, a northward-displaced near-equatorial low-pressure trough and SST maximum characterize the circulation (Fig. 2. Id). A northward cross-equatorial flow turning clockwise is found over the tropical eastern Pacific and Atlantic Oceans (Fig. 2.1b). 

The La Paz pearl oyster, Pinctada mazadanica, lives in the eastern Pacific, especially around Central America. It gives white to grey pearls and was probably the source of the famous La Peregrina natural pearl (see Past and present uses section). 

Figure 1.9 Meridional sections of (A) NO, (B) N02, (C) oxygen, and (D) N along about 100° W in the eastern Pacific. Data are from the WOCE cruise P18 conducted in 1994 (whpo.ucsd. edu).

Interpretation of the N distribution in the Pacific and Indian oceans is more difficult because of the existence of strong denitrification sites adjacent to the places where one expects to find the N2 fixation signals. In the subtropical North Pacific, where N2 fixation is well documented (Karl et al., 1997), the N maximum exists just near the surface and does not extend into the thermocline as is the case in the subtropical North Atlantic. This is likely a result of the eroding effect by waters that obtain extremely low N values in the eastern Pacific and are then advected westwards in the main thermocline (Fig. 1.12). 

Niu Y. and Batiza R. (1997) Trace element evidence from seamounts for recycled oceanic crust in eastern Pacific mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 148, 471—783. 

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