Cross-equatorial flow

Ramesh Kumar, M.R., Shenoi, S.S.C., Schluessel, P., 1999b. On the role of cross equatorial flow on the summer monsoon rainfall over India using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. Meteorol. Atmos. Physics 70, 201-213. 

The austral wintertime upper-level circulation (Fig. 2.1b) over South America is characterized by weak winds over the tropics, while the subtropical westerly jet is stronger and located more equatorward than in summer, in agreement with the descending branch of the Hadley-type circulation over that area. At lower levels, a northward-displaced near-equatorial low-pressure trough and SST maximum characterize the circulation (Fig. 2. Id). A northward cross-equatorial flow turning clockwise is found over the tropical eastern Pacific and Atlantic Oceans (Fig. 2.1b). 

The general circulation in the SCS is largely seasonal and is driven primarily by the distinct seasonal monsoon winds. The annual cycle of the mean wind stress field is illustrated in Fig. 1.41. With the East Asian landmass to the north and west and the Philippine and Indonesian archipelagoes to the east and south, the SCS is at a unique geographical location, the junction of the three major northern Hemisphere summer monsoon components the Indian (or South Asian) summer monsoon, the western North Pacific summer monsoon, and the East Asia subtropical monsoon. Influenced by equatorial disturbances, and linked to the Australian winter monsoon through cross-equatorial flows, this unique geographical location of the SCS in a typical monsoon region determines the important role the SCS plays in the monsoon and climate... 

Figure 2.10 Cylindrically symmetric hydrodynamical model of accretion flow with rotation during the early collapse phase, showing the inflow of matter in the meridional plane and the build-up of a flat rotating disk structure after about 1.05 free-fall times. Arrows indicate matter flow direction and velocity, gray lines indicate cuts of isodensity surfaces with meridional plane. Dark crosses outline locations of supersonic to subsonic transition of inflow velocity this corresponds to the position of the accretion shock. Matter falling along the polar axis and within the equatorial plane arrive within 1600 yr almost simultaneously, which results in an almost instantaneous formation of an extended initial accretion disk [new model calculation following the methods in Tscharnuter (1987), figure kindly contributed by W. M. Tscharnuter],...

The yield of cis- (equatorial) and trans- (axial) l,4-di-/er/-butylcyclohexane was of interest to compare in slurry hydrogenations using ground cross-flow catalyst with the cross-flow reactor hydrogenation. It was found from this comparison that the selectivity of cis to trans at high conversion was equal to about 10 in slurry experiments, but increased to between 28 and 322 in comparing experiments with the cross-flow reactor. 

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