E. freundii

Neotype NCTC 9750 and ATCC 8O9O E. freundii (Opinion)... 

Species Citrobacter Freundii (Braak, 1928 Werkman-Gillen, 1932) Neotype ATCC 809O E. freundii [74]... 

Synonyms C. anindolicum, C. album, C, decolorans and C. diversum [99], E, freundii (Braak) [96], Paracolohactrum intermedium [40], Bethesda Group [45, 46, 47], Ballerup Group [57], Intermedins [81], Bethesda-Ballenip Group [7], Citrobacter Group [82]. 

Intra-abdominal infections Intra-abdominal infections, including peritonitis caused by E. coli, Klebsiella sp. including K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter sp. including E. cloacae, P. aeruginosa, Citrobacter sp. including C. freundii and Serratia sp. including S. marcescens. 

The yield of 1,3-PD for this reaction is 67% (mol/mol). If biomass formation is considered the theoretical maximal yield reduces to 64%. In the actual fermentation a number of other by-products are formed, i. e., ethanol, lactic acid, succinic acid, and 2,3-butanediol, by the enterobacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter agglomerans, butyric acid by Clostridium butyricum, and butanol by Clostridium pasteurianum (Fig. 1). All these by-products are associated with a loss in 1,3-PD relative to acetic acid, in particular ethanol and butanol, which do not contribute to the NADH2 pool at all. 

Tschape, H., Prager, R., Streckel, W., Fruth, A., Tietze, E. and Bohme, G. 1995. Verotoxinogenic Citrobacter freundii associated with severe gastroenterits and cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome in a nursery school-green butter as an infection source. Epidemiology and Infection 114 441-450. 

Abbreviations for tables C.d, Citrobacter diversus C.f, Citrobacter freundii E.ae., Enterobacter aerogenes E.cl, Enlerobacter cloacae E.co., Escherichia coli K.a., Klebsiella aerogenes K.o., Klebsiella oxytoca K.p., Klebsiella pneumoniae M.m., Morganella morganii P.m., Proteus mirabilis Pv., Proteus vulgaris Ps.a., Pseudomonas aeruginosa Se.m., Serratia marcescens S.a., Staphylococcus aureus. 

R C freundii P. aeruginosa E. coli C. freundii P. aeruginosa E. coli... 

A group of ADP-Glc PPases comprises the enteric bacteria [Citrobacter freundii, Ed wardsiella tarda, Escherichia coli, E. aurescens, Enterobacter aerogenes, E. cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae. Salmonella enteritidis, S. typhimurium, and Shigella dysenteriae). These ADP-Glc PPases are activated by fructose- 1,6-bisphosphate, NADPH, and pyridoxal phosphate. These bacteria have glycolysis as their main carbon disposition pathway. 

PD production appears to be unfavorable. Genetic modification of microorganisms is needed to suppress the repression of 1,3-PD formation(Biebl et al., 1999 Cameron et al., 1998). In a patent application, Haynie and Wagner (1997) described the conversion of glucose to 1,3-PD in mixed or linked fermentation by yeast and K. pneumoniae, C. freundii, or recombinant E. coli. Moderate yields and a maximum... 

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