Dynamic analysis, carbonation

Fukushima, T. (1991) Predictive Methods on the Progress of Neutralization (Carbonation) of Concrete by Unsteady State Dynamic Analysis Considering the Influence of Tendency of Increase in Concentration of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Proceedings of the 2nd CANMET/ACI International Conference, held in Montreal, Canada, August 4—9, 1991, edited by V.M.Malhortra, Supplementary Papers, American Concrete Institute, pp.-545-564. 

Dynamics of the Reaction Network. Information on the concentration changes of 4-chlorophenol and its intermediates (4-chlorocatechol, 4-chlororesorcinol, hydroquinone, and hydroxyhydroquinone) allows us to perform some dynamic analysis of the photocatalytic oxidation of 4-chlorophenol. Scheme IV shows a reaction network that can be established to describe the overall mineralization of 4-chlorophenol. According to this reaction network, 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) first decomposes to 4-chlororesorcinol (4-CRE), 4-chlorocatechol (4-CCA), or hydroquinone (HQ) 4-chlorocatechol is the major primary product. Further oxidation of the primary intermediates yields hydroxyhydroquinone (HHQ), as the secondary intermediate, which is readily mineralized to carbon dioxide. For simplicity, a pseudo-first-order expression was used to model the dynamics of the reaction network (eqs 9-14). 

Zhang H, Sun F (1996) Dynamics analysis for flux of carbon dioxide across sea-surface. Acta Oceanol Sin 14(4) 447-455... 

Zhang Chen-Li, Shen Hui-Shen. (2006). Buckling and Postbuckling Analysis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Thermal Environments Via Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Carbon, 44, 2608-2616. 

Figure 8 Dynamic analysis PIXE images of a carbonate-rich melt inclusion in clinopyroxene (in a 200 pm thick polished section). (Reproduced with permission from Ryan et al. (2001) Nuclear Instruments and Methods In Physics Research S 181 578-585 Elsevier.)...

Widmalm in a short review based mostly on the results of his laboratory has presented a perspective on structures of carbohydrates. He has underlined the central position of the solution state NMR spectroscopy in these studies starting with analysis of the primary structure of glycans (components and sequence), followed by conformational and dynamics analysis to the study of interaction with proteins. He has also anticipated that among other NMR parameters DFT calculated vicinal proton-proton, proton-carbon and carbon-carbon scalar couplings will aid these investigations. 

The thermal glass-transition temperatures of poly(vinyl acetal)s can be determined by dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and nmr techniques (31). The thermal glass-transition temperature of poly(vinyl acetal) resins prepared from aliphatic aldehydes can be estimated from empirical relationships such as equation 1 where OH and OAc are the weight percent of vinyl alcohol and vinyl acetate units and C is the number of carbons in the chain derived from the aldehyde. The symbols with subscripts are the corresponding values for a standard (s) resin with known parameters (32). The formula accurately predicts that resin T increases as vinyl alcohol content increases, and decreases as vinyl acetate content and aldehyde carbon chain length increases. 

Shock isolation is also possible usiag the dampiag characteristics of FZ elastomer. Dynamic mechanical analysis iadicates multiple transitions and a broad dampiag peak. This dampiag can be enhanced usiag formulatioas containing both siUca and carbon black fillers. 

In a Japanese plasma wind tunnel, SPA specimens were tested up to 3.8 MW/m2 at 0.7 bar aerodynamic pressure (Fig. 12). After a test duration of 60 s, no obvious damage was visible. The surface temperature of about 2600°C was reduced to 100°C within 20 min. Further analysis showed a maximum charred depth of the ablator of 15 mm. The carbonization process did not change the geometric dimensions, the new heat protection system can be considered absolutely stable to deformation. The carbonized layer still has a noticeable pressure resistance and transfers the load applied by the dynamic pressure to the structure. 

Figure 7 illustrates the dynamics of fluid migration through porous carbon electrodes to obey the Hagen-Poiseuille equation that is normally used to describe the transport through membranes having the pores of cylinder-like shape. Therefore, this method can probably be used for express analysis of the electrolyte dynamics in different porous carbon materials. 

The SOM 14C apparent age of soil section (0-0.05 m) is 80 yr B.R for WKS profile and 140 yr B.R for QYS profile, suggesting that the upper soil layers had been contaminated by some old carbons with negative A14C values. Contaminations from old carbon and bomb 14C can result in obvious alterations in SOM A14C values. However, SOM 513C value is relatively less susceptible to such contaminations, because the abundance of 13C is much greater than that of 14C in nature system. This indicates that 14C analysis alone is not adequate for studying SOM dynamics. 

In this method volatile organic matter in seawater is concentrated on a Tenax GC solid adsorbent trap and dry-ice trap in series. The trapped organic material is then desorbed and oxidised to carbon dioxide, which is measured with a non-dispersive infrared analyser. A dynamic headspace method was used for the extraction with the assistance of nitrogen purging. Dynamic headspace analysis [184] is an efficient extraction procedure. The efficiency of extraction... 

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