Dyes, hypersensitivity

Contraindications Allergy to tartrazine dye, bleeding disorders, GI bleeding or ulceration, history of hypersensitivity to choline magnesium trisalicylate, aspirin, or NSAIDs. 

Contraindications Historyof antibacterial-associated colitis, regional enteritis, orul-cerative colitis hypersensitivity to clindamycin or lincomycin known allergy to tartra-zine dye... 

The following patient categories were excluded from the study patients with ostial and bifurcation lesions, left ventricular ejection fraction <30%, known hypersensitivity or contraindication to aspirin or stainless steel, or a sensitivity to contrast dye, allergy to heparin or ticlopidine,... 

In addition to the light-harvesting property, this host-guest complex also exhibits a high photocytotoxicity. Its IC50 value, defined as the dye concentration required to kill 50% of the cells, for HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells is only 0.09 p,M, which is comparable with that of 113 itself formulated with Cremophor EL (0.15 p,M). The complexation with 93 (M = 2H) enhances the water solubility of 113 and therefore can prevent the use of Cremophor EL, which may cause serious hypersensitivity reactions. 

Although this theory was popularized in the 1970s, well-controlled studies conducted since then have produced no evidence that food and drug color additives such as azo dyes (FD C yellow 5, FD C yellow 6, etc.) cause hyperactivity or learning disabilities in children. A Consensus Development Panel of the National Institutes of Health concluded in 1982 that there was no scientific evidence to support the claim that colorings or other food additives cause hyperactivity. The panel said that elimination diets should not be used universally to treat childhood hyperactivity, because there is no scientific evidence to predict which children may benefit. The FDA s Advisory Committee on Hypersensitivity to Food Constituents concluded in 1986 that FD C yellow 5 (tartrazine) might cause hives in fewer than 1 out of 10,000 people. The Committee found that there was no evidence the color additive in foods provokes asthma attacks or... 

Allergic reactions to constituents of hair dyes are not uncommon and are generally due to delayed hypersensitivity. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions have been described, but they are rare and seldom life-threatening. 

Allergic or even anaphylactic reactions can occur after Ijmphography, either to the contrast agent or to the dye in hypersensitive patients, prior use of glucocorticoids and antihistamines may fail to prevent a severe reaction (223). 

Phenazopyridine-induced methemoglobinemia may manifest as dyspnea, tachycardia, cyanosis, dizziness, and syncope. Hemolysis may occur and result in anemia. Progressive oliguric renal failure may occur and is typically associated with methemoglobinemia and hemolysis, or with massive acute overdosage. Yellow discoloration of the skin and sclerae may occur due to deposition of this azo dye in the skin, primarily in patients with renal dysfunction. Rare cases of phenazopyridine-induced hypersensitivity hepatitis, rhabdomyolysis, and aseptic meningitis have been reported. 

Lockery SD, Sr. Hypersensitivity to tartrazine (FD C Yellow No. 5) and other dyes and additives present in foods and pharmaceutical products. Ann Allergy mi 38 206-10. 

ALANKO, K KESKINEN, H BJORKSTEN, F. OJANEN, S. (1978) Immediate-type hypersensitivity to reactive dyes. Clinical Allergy, 8, 25-31. 

In pharmacy, the dyes used are azo dyes, quinoline dyes, tri-phenylmethane and xanthine dyes. They are not recommended in children because many colouring agents, mainly synthetic dyes, have been associated with hypersensitivity and other adverse reactions (gastrointestinal intolerance, dermatological reactions and carcinogenic concerns). Approximately 2-20% of people with asthma are sensitive to aspirin. Cross-reactions to azo dyes such as tartrazine produce similar effects. They have occurred in patients both with and without a history... 

The concentrations of licensed medications may be too high, necessitating further manipulation in the form of dilution with an excipient. However, when the concentration is low, the dose volume may be too large for some children. The excipients in many liquid formulations may not be suitable for selected patient groups. For example, the propylene glycol content in amprenavir liquid formulation makes it unsuitable for children under 4 years of age. Severe delayed-onset hypersensitivity reaction was associated with formulation of amoxicillin liquid the reaction may have been caused by the exicipent (Chopra et ai, 1989). Sweeteners, dyes and other excipients may cause adverse reactions and should be identified and restricted in paediatric formulations (Kumar et ai, 1996). Some clinical studies have been directed to ascertain the effect of drug concentration and frequency of... 

Serin F (1949) Formation of cyanogen compounds from amino-acids as factor in chloramine T poisoning. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) [Suppl] 5 1-12 Shilkret HH, Swartz HF (1942) Studies on hypersensitivity due to substances employed in fur industry significance of cutaneous reactions to fur dye dust extracts. J Allergy 14 538-543... 

In testing for tartrazine hypersensitivity, a solution of the dye in distilled water is swallowed by the patient, followed by a close clinical observation coupled with spirometry over a period of 2-3 h. We begin testing with 0.1 mg tartrazine, the next... 

Tartrazine is most likely to produce urticaria in patients with allergic hypersensitivity to aspirin and the salicylate drugs (Ros et al. 1976). It is, therefore, prudent to administer white antihistamines, free of dyes, to such aspirin-sensitive individuals. (The presence of color in a tablet or capsule does not necessarily imply that the F.D. and C. Yellow No. 5 is necessarily used in its manufacture, however, a white antihistamine is free of all dyes.) The antihistamines shown in Table 2 are free of all dyes. 

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