Dye liquor

Machines Based on Movement of Both Dye Liquor and Material. One example of a machine in which both yam and dye Hquor are moved is the Klauder-Weldon skein dye machine not only do the skeins turn, but the Hquor is pumped in small streams over the yam as the threads pass over the spindles. This process assures maximum uniformity and levelness. 

Farb-base, /. color base, -becher, m. dye beaker (for dyeing tests), -bestimmung, /, color determination, -bier, n. dark beer for coloring. bruhe, /. dye liquor, -deck schicht, /. color coat, -druck, m. color printing color print. 

Farben-bogen, m. iris, -brechung, /. refraction of colors color blending, -br e, /. dyeing liquor, dye liquor, -buchdruck, m. color printing. -chemie, /. color chemistry, -chemiker, m, color chemist, paint chemist, farbenchemisch, a. relating to color chemistry or dye chemistry. 

Farber-erde, /. Armenian bole, -flechte, /. archil, dyer s moss, -flotte, /. dye liquor, dye bath, -ginster, m. dyer s broom (Ge-niata tinctoria). -holz, n. dyer s wood, dye-wood. 

Flotte, /. liquor specif, dye liquor, dye bath fleet, navy. 

As might be expected with highly soluble dyes, liquor ratio has a pronounced effect on... 

The essence of the technique is as follows [239]. The cathode reduces the mediator which then reduces the dye. This mediator (the regenerable redox system) must continually produce a consistent reduction potential in the dye liquor, so that no reducing agent has to be added. The prevailing potential is defined by the Nemst Equation (12.2) ... 

Dyeing applications, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol in, 12 279 Dyeing theory, 26 394-395 Dyeing transition temperature, 9 159 Dye intermediates, 9 265-298 chemistry, 9 266-291 classification, 9 265-266 economic aspects, 9 293-295 equipment and manufacture, 9 291-293 health and safety factors, 9 295-298 obtained by nitration, 9 2 7 It obtained by sulfonation, 23 525 unit processes, 9 269-283 Dye lasers, 74 702-705 23 144 output characteristics of, 74 705 Dye-ligand affinity chromatography, 6 402 Dye liquor, 9 163 Dye manufacturing... 

Another source of highly colored dyebaths is found in continuous dyeing processes where the last filling of the padder required to complete the process at weU-defined conditions has to be withdrawn at the end of the padding process. Dyestuff concentrations of 50 g technical dyestuff are quite usual for such dye liquors. 

In the application of dyes three techniques are used the dye liquor is moved as the material is held stationary, the textile material is moved without mechanical movement of the liquor, or bolh move. 

Machines Based on Movement of Both Dye Liquor and Material. One... 

Another extremely popular machine of this type is the jet dyeing machine which conserves energy by reducing the cloth-lo-liquor ratio to 1 10 or lower as compared to 1 20 for the winch. In this machine, the fabric which is in a rope form is transported by movement of the dye liquor through a Venturi jet. This method provides intimate contact between the dye liquor and each meter of material. The machine operates at 40-135cC. 

The conventional dyeing of textiles consumes large quantities of water. While much of this water may be recovered, wastewater treatment imposes significant costs. In addition, the hydrophobicity of many synthetic fabrics necessitates the use of dispersing agents and surfactants in the dyeing liquor (Saus et al., 1993). One possible solution to these problems is the use of sc C02 as the solvent. 

In exhaustion dyeing, the dye, which is at least partially soluble in the dyebath, is transported to the fiber surface by motion of the dye liquor or the textile. It is then adsorbed on the fiber surface and diffuses into the fiber. Finally, depending on the dye-fiber interaction, it is fixed chemically or physically. The dye can be applied to the textile discontinuously from a dilute solution (exhaustion dyeing from a long liquor) or continuously by immersing the textile in a concentrated bath and squeezing-off excess liquor (padding), followed by separate steps for diffusion and fixation in the fiber. 

Direct application of dye liquor by spraying, foam application, or printing. 

Solution and Dispersion Behavior. For the dyeing process in aqueous liquor, the dye must have adequate solubility or dispersibility. In general, good solubility is necessary for good application properties. If the solubility is poor (i.e., if any of the dye is present in the dye liquor in the form of undissolved particles), local coloration (specks), spots, uneven effects, and poor fastness can be produced, leading to serious defects and costly complaints. 

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