Duplicate Entries in a List

The following expression, used in the formula in cell B3, entered as an array formula, returns the number of duplicate entries in a list  

There are 2 dupl icate entries There are 4 unique entries. 

---

Instead of simply returning the number of duplicate entries in a list, you probably want to know which entries are duplicates and where they are located in the list. Part of a list of addresses is shown in Figure 4-10 the complete list contains over 100 entries. The list contains many duplicates an array formula can be used to identify them. 

Figure 4-9. Using array formulas to find the number of duplicate or unique entries in a list.

Instead of counting the number of duplicates in a list, you may want to find the number of unique entries. The following expression, used in cell B4 of Figure 4-9 ... 

Sorting a multi-column list using the LARGE function is only slightly more complicated, provided there are no duplicate entries in the column on which the sort is performed. You can use the MATCH and INDEX functions to return the values in the same row as the "sortkey" value. Figure 4-12 illustrates a portion of a list of polymer research samples and some of their physical properties. The columns in this raw data table were assigned the names SampleNumber, FormulationType, etc. 

Because the elements are the building blocks of all materials in the universe, we need an easy way to identify and refer to them. For this purpose, each chemical element is identified by an internationally used symbol consisting of one or two letters. The first letter of an element s symbol is always capitalized. If the symbol has a second letter, it is a lowercase (small) letter. The symbol is an abbreviation of the element s name, but some symbols represent names in languages other than English. The 10 elements whose symbols and names have different first letters are listed in Table 1.4. A list of the names and symbols of the first 109 elements, along with some other information, is presented in a table inside the back cover of this book. In that table, the elements are alphabetized according to their names, but duplicate entries appear under the initial letter of the symbols for the elements in Table 1.4. 

An inventory of systems and knowledge, of which one is GMP-critical, must be maintained and available for inspections. An MHRA preinspection checklist has this as one of its opening topics. The availability or otherwise of this information is a clear indicator of whether management is in control of its computer systems validation. The use of an inventory need not be limited to inspection readiness it could also be used for determining supplier audits and periodic reviews, etc. Many pharmaceutical and healthcare companies use a spreadsheet or database to maintain this data. Where a site s inventory is managed between a number of such applications (perhaps one per laboratory, one for process control systems, one for IT systems), care must be taken that duplicate entries are avoided and, equally, that some systems are missed and not listed anywhere. It should be borne in mind that where spreadsheets and databases are used to manage an inventory, it should be validated just like any other GxP computer application. 

Number of references found in MEDLINE (Jan. 1982 - Sept. 1992), that list the chemosensor as a keyword. Some attempt has been made to pool synonyms while excluding duplicate entries. 

In a manner reminiscent of the self-organising maps, the methodology has been applied to produce a subset of the database that represents the best representative of each unique crystal stracture [53]. Thus, a compound with 10 CSD entries, comprising one polymorph determined seven times and a second polymorph determined three times will be reduced to two entries, which are considered to represent the two unique structure types. The details of the applied quality tests are extensive [53], but the result is a list of 231918 structures (derived from 353 666 structures in the November 2005 release) that are considered to be the best representative examples of all unique high-quality stmctures in the CSD [54], In this way, the complete contents of the CSD are reduced to a set of representative structures that contain an equivalent amount of structural information, but without any redundancy. This dataset forms an especially convenient basis for structural searches, since it is free of any duplication. 

The databases listed in Table 8.2 are maintained by independent research groups and can be accessed through the Internet. Some of these databases are nucleotide databases, and some protein databases that have been translated from the nucleotide databases. They are updated frequently and contain comprehensive lists of protein and nucleotide sequences. The choice of a particular database is dictated by the extensiveness of sequence entries, low redundancy rate, low error rate, and a high degree of annotation. A custom-made database can be assembled into a composite nonredundant database by including entries from all protein databases and translated-nucleotide databases (into protein sequences) and removing any duplicate entries. 

The sorted CELNBR contains at most twelve neighbor entries for each cell. A neighbor that shares only a corner appears once, a neighbor that shares two corners (an edge) appears twice. Now eliminate the duplicates by sorting on the entire cell-neighbor pair rather than on the cell number only. But if we take into account that duplicate entries can be no more than eleven words apart (in the event they are first and last in the neighbor list), we can... 

All toxicity value computations from the concentration/light reduction plots were done with the COMPUTOX program on an HP 86 computer. The statistical calculations were performed on the same with prerecorded linear and multiple regression analysis programs. There is a total of 133 entries in TABLE 1 of which seven compounds are listed twice, that is, once in each of two subsets as, for example, NO2-C6H4-NH2. As the reference compounds are different in each case (but not the log P), the duplicate entries result in duplicate enumeration for the computations with log P only. 

Data are still generally typed into a database rather than electronically loaded from other systems. The first step of any data entry process should involve a check for duplicate cases. The need for decision making at the data entry stage will depend upon the type of database design. In all cases, there should be clear rules on how data should be entered into each field to ensure consistency and aid subsequent searching and outputting. This is particularly important when there are multiple users distributed over a number of international sites. Use of electronically available field specific lists of value and well-defined coding conventions will help with this. 

We can cross out entries that are duplicates of other entries, such as 2/2, 2/4, 3/3, 4/2. This array can then be flattened into a single list, which can be matched in one-to-one correspondence with the natural numbers. The rationals, therefore, have the same cardinality, o-... 

Some duplication of entries between appendices will occur, since some associations and companies perform multiple functions. A limited reduction of the listings occurred due to controlling these duplications. In particular, since conferences are a normal function of associations, associations are not listed again under Courses and Conferences unless olfering specialize short courses or workshops. 

---