Drugs synergism

Greco WR, Park HS, Rustum YM. 1990. An application of a new approach for the quantitation of drug synergism to the combination of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum and 1-b-D-arabinosefuranosylcytosine. Cancer Res 50 5318-5327. 

Newman, C.E. Ford, C.H.J. Davies, D.A.L. O Neill, G.J. Antibody drug synergism an assessment of specific passive immuno therapy in bronchial carcinoma. Lancet 1977, 2, 163-164. 

Both opiate agonists and sedative-hypnotic drugs produce CNS depression (resulting in sedation). Used concurrently, these drugs synergize to cause profound CNS depression. 

This combination is useful, as the two effects of the drugs synergize, allowing lower doses of each drug to be used. The cardiodepressant actions of the beta-blocker decrease the rate and force of contraction. Concurrently administered, the nitrates decrease cardiac afterload, which increases the ejection fraction of the heart and reduces end diastolic volume, in addition to decreasing myocardial oxygen consumption. Additionally, the compensatory sympathetic reflexes produced by the nitrates are inhibited by the presence of the beta receptor blockers. 

These drugs synergize effects well—atenolol decreases myocardial oxygen consumption through negative inotropic and chronotropic effects, while nifedipine mediates coronary arteriolar... 

Aspirin and other antiplatelet drugs synergize with the actions of warfarin. 

Starovoitov MK, Vassiliev PM, Rudakova TV et al (2002) The computer aided prediction of carcinogenic risks of sulfenamide vulcanization accelerators. Kauchuk i rezina 1 28-31 Steed JW, Atwood JL (2009) Supramolecular chemistry, 2nd edn. Wiley, Chichester Tallarida RJ (2001) Drug synergism its detection and applications. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 298(3) 865-872... 

Bates, Hewlett, and Lloyd (I) found that both piperonyl butoxide and SKF 525A, the ester of 2-diethylaminoethyl 2,2-diphenyl-w-pentanoate, synergized the action of pyrethrins on insects of species of the lesser mealworm beetles and houseflies but both antagonized the action of malathion. SKF 525A is known to increase the effects on mammals of drugs of various types and has been shown to synergize pyrethrins. 

Scarpignato C, Pelosini I Antisecretory drugs for eradication of Helicobacter pylori Antibacterial activity and synergism with antimicrobial agents. Progr Basic Clin Pharmacol 1999 11 136-180. 

Murphy, M.N., Smith, M.C., and Juergens, J.P, The synergic impact of promotion intensity and therapeutic novelty on market performance of prescription drug products, J. Drug Issues, 22, 305-316, 1992. 

Lucci, A., Han, T. Y., Liu, Y. Y., Giuliano, A. R, and Cabot, M. C., 1999b, Multidrug resistance modulators and doxorubicin synergize to elevate ceramide levels and elicit apoptosis in drug-resistant cancer cells. Cancer 86 299-310. 

If the organism undergoes simultaneous action of two antimicrobial drugs, it can result in an additive effect, synergism, or antagonism. 

Drugs are considered to act additively when the activity of drugs in combination are equal to the sum of their independent activity. The overall effect of two antimicrobial drugs can be less (antagonism) or more (synergism) than the sum effect. 

It has been shown that a few sulfones and sulfonamides may be of interest as drugs for treating malaria. Experimental research uncovered the pronounced synergism between sulfonamides and chloroguanide and pyrimethamine. 

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