Polymorphism drug metabolism

Lou, Y.C. (1990). Differences in drug metabolism polymorphism between Orientals and Caucasians. DrugMetab. Rev., 22, 451-75. 

Wedlund, P.J., Aslanian, W.S., McAllister, C.B., Wilkinson, G.R. and Branch, R.A. (1984) Mephenytoin hydroxylation deficiency in Caucasians frequency of a new oxidative drug metabolism polymorphism. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 36 (6), 773-780. 

Wedlund PJ, Aslanian WS, McAllister CB. Mephenytoin hydroxylation deficiency in Caucasians frequency of a new oxidative drug metabolism polymorphism. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1984 36 773-780. 

Keywords QM/MM, molecular dynamics, transition state, drug metabolism, polymorphism,... 

Tricker, A.R. (2003). Nicotine metabolism, human drug metabolism polymorphisms, and smoking behaviour. Toxicology 183, 151-173. 

Many are inhibited by various drugs or their metabolic products, providing another cause of drug interactions Some exhibit genetic polymorphisms, which can result in atypical drug metabolism... 

Their activities may be altered in diseased tissues (eg, cirrhosis), affecting drug metabolism Genotyping the P450 profile of patients (eg, to detect polymorphisms) may in the future permit individualization of drug therapy... 

Polymorphic metabolism Genetically determined rates of metabolism (fast vs. slow) by selected isozymes of cytochrome P-450 drug-metabolizing enzymes. 

Ethnic differences have been shown to influence response to psychotropic medications. Much of the focus on the explanation for such differences has been on drug-metabolizing (CYP) enzymes of the liver and their sway over pharmacokinetic factors. It is now well recognized that differences in the distribution of polymorphic variants of CYP enzymes exist between different ethnic groups. However, within ethnic groups there are considerable inter-individual variations in drug kinetics, which may not be accounted for solely by genetic variation. Responses to pharmacotherapy are multifaceted and involve the interaction of environmental and... 

Kapitany, T., Meszaros, K., Lenzinger, E. et al. (1998). Genetic polymorphisms for drug metabolism (CYP2D6) and tardive dyskinesia in schizophr. Schizophr. Res., 32, 101-6. 

Meyer, U.A. (1994a). The molecular basis of genetic polymorphisms of drug metabolism. /. Pharm. Pharmacol, 46(1), 409-15. 

Lastly, Llerena etal. (2004) compared the CYP2C9 polymorphisms 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 in Mexican Americans (n = 98) and Spanish subjects (n = 102). Lower frequencies of the variant CYP2C9 2, one of two alleles reported to have altered catalytic activity, were found among the Mexican Americans. Since no phenotypic comparisons were conducted in this study, the clinical implications remain unclear. The authors suggest the need for further studies to assess whether the drug metabolism of medications such as warfarin maybe affected in this population. 

---