Drug Abuse Screening Test

Skinner, H. A. (1982). The Drug Abuse Screening Test. Addictive Behaviors, 7, 363-371. 

Certain of the tests described here may be carried out by the micro technique (E. G. C. Clarke and M. Williams, J. Pharm. Pharmac., 1955, 7, 255-262). This applies particularly to Mandelin s Test, Marquis Test, and the Sulphuric Acid test. Information on the direct application of colour tests to urine, blood, and stomach contents can be found under Hospital Toxicology and Drug Abuse Screening (p. 4). Where an extraction procedure has been carried out with the production of acidic and basic fractions (see p. 11), the tests below may be applied to the evaporated extracts. 

Colour tests applicable to biological fluids are described under Hospital Toxicology and Drug Abuse Screening (pp. 3 to 34). 

Laboratory testing should be used to complete the assessment and includes urine drug screens, as well as general medical screening tests to rule out underlying substance-induced medical illness. The specific tests vary somewhat depending on the substance that is being abused. 

Screening tests are performed on suspected drugs of abuse. Suspect materials are tested using a TLC method to identify amphetamines and opiates. A more thorough analytical method is used to determine the exact analytes present in the samples that gave positive TLC results. 

Scopolamine methylnitrate, 675 Scopolia, 674 Scopos, 674 SCOT columns, 182 Screening, for diuretics, 32 for drugs of abuse, 27 for laxatives, 32 for solvent abuse, 31 tests on blood, 6 tests on stomach contents, 5 tests on urine, 4 Scuroforme, 419 S-Diazine, 982 S-Dimidine, 984 SDMO, 991 SE-30, 180 Sea-legs, 724 Sebizon, 981 Secadrex, 309, 663 Secbutobarbital, 967 Secbutobarbitone, 967 Secbutobarbitone sodium, 968 Seclodin, 677 Secobarbital, 951 Secobarbital sodium, 951... 

The right of the federal government and other public and private employers to conduct urine screens (tests for drug taking) of employees as a way to control drug abuse in the workplace... 

Immunoassays may not be specific for the tested drug. Similar drugs may result in a positive test for example, pseu-doephedrine, present in cold medications, may produce a positive response in immunoassays designed to detect amphetamine and methamphetamine. Therefore it is imperative that positive screening tests be confirmed by an alternate, more definitive test. The most widely accepted method for drug confirmation is GC-MS. For further discussion of this technique, the reader is referred to Chapter 7. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is also used for rapid detection of drugs of abuse. 

To detect abuse, the initial screening test for benzodiazepines is typically immunoassay. For confirmation of a presumptive positive test, a quantitative drug measurement is performed using GC-MS. 

Drugs of abuse, such as cocaine, cannabinoids, and amphetamines, were detected in hair by immunoassay followed by GC-MS for confirmation and quantitation [118]. Immunochemical screening was done with the Siemens EMIT 11 Plus assays for opiates, amphetamines and ecstasy, and Microgenics CEDIA assays for cocaine. All samples with positive results in the screening test for any drug and/or metabolite were analyzed by GC-MS for confirmation and quantitation. The cutoff value for cocaine was 0.20 ng mg . ... 

Screening for opiates is routinely performed by immunoassay techniques, with confirmation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (1). Drug testing governing bodies such as the National Institute for Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the SAMHSA... 

For this reason, the initial evaluation of a patient during an episode of mania or hypomania must include a review of all prescribed medications and illicit substance use, and collection of a urine drug screen. We must bear in mind, however, that many of the newer designer drugs such as Ecstasy are not typically detected by most commercial laboratory tests for drugs of abuse. 

Requirements for medical screening, including urine tests for pregnancy and drugs of abuse... 

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