Drillings, micro

Micro- (and even nano-) electrode arrays are commonly produced with photolithography and electronic beam techniques by insulating of macro-electrode surface with subsequent drilling micro-holes in an insulating layer [136, 137], Physical methods are, however, expensive and, besides that, unsuitable for sensor development in certain cases (for instance, for modification of the lateral surface of needle electrodes). That s why an increasing interest is being applied to chemical approaches of material nanostructuring on solid supports [140, 141],... 

Drilling micro holes for effusion cooling, printed circuit boards, SEM aperture strips, inkjet nozzles, spray nozzles, satellite apertures, medical devices, and micro molds Automotive fuel injectors and nozzles Diamond nulled or turned micro grids, for optics, and also for functional surfaces Dental implants... 

Another approach to realizing micro- or nano-liquid interfaces is to drill micro- or nanoholes (or even arrays) in polymers films or wafers and to support the interface in the holes. In this way, the diffusion fields are symmetric and steady-state voltammograms similar to those obtained on a solid microelectrode can be recorded. These supported micro-interfaces have found applications in ion sensing, and detectors for ion chromatography have also been realized. 

The micro via hole capabUity depends on the process used by the manufacturer however, general ideas are introduced in Chap. 61. Certainly the smaller via holes are available for the thinner substrates. Using the latest technology, such as excimer laser drilling, micro via holes smaller than 40 /tm are available for 25-/xm-thick adhesiveless polyimide base substrates. 

Micro-jet arrays are usually associated with lower energy consumption rates than sprays generated by the special (HAGO) nozzle for the same flow rate. The liquid was pushed through a 0.5 mm stainless steel orifice plate to form the jets. The holes in the plate were laser drilled and were arranged in a circular pattern giving a radial... 

Plant residues can provide substrates for the production of phytotoxic metabolites by soil microorganisms but they can also support the growth of pathogens and other deleterious micro-organisms. This is illustrated by reference to the problems of establishing crops drilled in the presence of straw residues and of decaying weed and grass residues that have been previously killed with herbicides. 

In contrast, sites located on the northern Channel islands produced as much as 150,000 pieces of bead manufacturing refuse and hundreds of production blanks from a single cubic meter of excavation (18, 20, 36, 37). As well, a tradition of specialized bead making tools, including micro-blade drills and anvils, is documented on the northern Channel Islands (16). Nothing comparable to this level and regularity of production is evident at archaeological sites in central and northern California. 

The micro channel system was fabricated by standard silicon micromachining via etching of a silicon wafer with potassium hydroxide using thermal oxide as an etch mask [6], The double mixing tee configuration consists of six micro channels. For fluid connection, an outlet hole was drilled into the silicon chip. The chip was anodically bonded to a glass slide with three inlet holes, clamped in a holder and, thereby, connected to a commercially available quench-flow instrument... 

Figure 14 Fabrication procedure for the pile-up microreactor. (1) Photolithography Conventional photolithography/wet etching methods were applied. The back side of the glass plate was covered with polyolefin tape during the HF treatment. (2) Drilling Penetrating holes were drilled at the inlet and outlet ports of the micro-channel circuit. (3) Thermal bonding The required number of glass plates with microchannels and one cover plate were laminated and bonded thermally at 650°C.

Laser micro/nano drilling and on-site nanoscale measurement utilizing a coherence property of light and the dynamic control on wave-front... 

X-ray or electron diffraction allows Identification of crystalline species by the long-used Hannawalt-Dow-ASTM-JCPDS system(4). Small particles can be removed for analysis in a small rotating specimen X-ray powder camera, or by extraction replication and selected area diffraction in a Transmission Electron Microscope (5). For those specimens where a residue of reactant or corrosion product is too adherent, the material may be removed for analysis by micro-bulldozing (with a microhardness Indentor), micro-jack hammering (with a needle attached to a small piezoelectric crystal on a pencil-like rod), and micro-boring (with a precision controlled dental drill)(5). 

Next, six ports are drilled in appropriate positions on the micro-channel plate. The surface of the micro-channel plate and the PMMA Ud are then activated by an oxygen plasma activation bonding system (EVG810LT from EV Group Co.) (Fig. 5.10b). Finally, the two PMMA stractures are directly bonded. The typical bonding conditions are -temperature of 85°C, pressure of 3 MPa, and annealing time of 3 min (Fig. 5.10c). 

Dolomite samples of 50-250 mg were micro-drilled from the polished stained slabs, care being taken to discriminate between cementation episodes. Several samples of disseminated dolomite were also extracted from porous sandstones adjacent to the pervasively cemented fractures. Sample powders were digested in 100% H3PO4 at 90°C using a Micromass Multiprep (single acid reaction) system, and purified CO2 was analysed on a Micromass-VG Prism III mass spectrometer. The reproducibility of multiple NBS-19 runs with the Multiprep system is 0.05 forfi C and 0.09 for 5 0. All data are reported as %o deviation from the PDB international standard, and are listed in Table 2. 

M. Jalali, P. Maillard, R. Wuthrich Towards a better understanding of glass gravity-feed micro-hole drilling with electrochemical discharges. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, accepted. 

M. Mousa, A. Allagui, H.D. Ng, R. Wiithrich The effect of thermal conductivity of the tool electrode in spark assisted chemical engraving gravity-feed micro-drilling. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 19 (2009), accepted (November 2008). 

R. Wiithrich, U. Spaelter, Y. Wu, H. Bleuler A systematic characterisation method for gravity feed micro-hole drilling in glass with Spark Assisted Chemical Engraving (SACE). Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 16 (2006), p. 1891. 

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