Spray generation

Micro-jet arrays are usually associated with lower energy consumption rates than sprays generated by the special (HAGO) nozzle for the same flow rate. The liquid was pushed through a 0.5 mm stainless steel orifice plate to form the jets. The holes in the plate were laser drilled and were arranged in a circular pattern giving a radial... 

The variations of the mean droplet size and the droplet size distribution with axial distance in a spray generated by pressure swirl atomizers have been shown to be a function of ambient air pressure and velocity, liquid injection pressure, and initial mean droplet size and distribution 460]... 

The mass flux in the spray scales with liquid metal flow rate. Gas pressure tends to narrow the spray whereas melt superheat tends to flatten the spray)3] By changing the process parameters and/or manipulating the configuration and/or motion of the spray, the mass distribution profile can be tailored to the desired shape. For example, a linear atomizer produces a relatively uniform mass distribution in the spray. The mass flux distribution in the spray generated with a linear atomizer has been proposed to follow the elliptical form of the Gaussian distribution)178]... 

Cyclone Scrubbers The vessels of cyclone scrubbers are all in the form of cyclones, which provide for compact integral entrainment separation. The gas-liquid contacting section normally uses some sort of spray generator to disperse liquid throughout the gas. Performance is similar to other spray scrubbers. 

Aerosol science has found its way into a wide variety of technological applications. Perhaps best known is the use of spray generation principles for manufacturing dis-... 

In flame spectrometry, physical interferences are related to transport of determinant from sample solution to the flame. The pneumatic nebulizer functions not only as a spray generator, but also as a pump.1,2 Anything which influences the pumping rate will influence the size of the absorbance signal obtained. The pumping, or aspiration, rate is most sensitive to changes in viscosity of the sample solutions. 

ULVformulations are usually the undiluted technical-grade material or, in the case of solid, the original product dissolved in a minimum of solvent. They are applied without further dilution in an extremely fine spray generated by special aerial or ground spray equipment. 

T roplet size is an important controlling parameter in the combustion of sprays. Therefore, the ability to measure accurately droplet sizes in a spray environment is necessary if detailed studies are to be made of spray combustion. An experimental program was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of using an interferometry technique to measure drop sizes in sprays generated by a fuel atomization nozzle, and this chapter discusses the accuracy and sensitivity of the technique. 

Andreas E. L. (2002) A review of the sea spray generation function for the open ocean. Atmosphere-Ocean Interactions (ed. W. Perrie). WIT Press, Southampton, Boston, vol. 1, pp. 1-46. 

Fig. 5.3. A photograph of the spray generated in an electrospray ionization source (top) and a schematic view of the processes involved (bottom). From the Taylor cone, a jet is emitted and expands to a plume of micrometer-sized charged droplets from which finally desolvated ions are produced.

Lord Lister operating with the help of a carbolic spray generator (Photo from the Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh)... 

This aspect has led to the production of micro- and nanoelectrospray sources, where the chromatographic eluate flow is in the range 1-10 2 pL/min. A typical instrument setup for nano-ESI experiments is shown in Fig. 1.10. In this case, the supplementary gas flow for spray generation is no longer present and the spray formation is only due to the action of the electrical field. The sprayer capillary, with an internal... 

Although pressure control is the most common way of adjusting the volume output of boom sprayers fitted with conventional nozzles, two other main approaches have also been used, namely the use of twin-fluid nozzles and arrangements based on the use of solenoid valves. It should also be noted that the use of other types of spray generation system, such as spinning discs or air shear nozzles give other options for control of applied volume rate, but such arrangements are not commonly used on boom sprayers. 

The recent technique of nebulized spray pyrolysis (NSP) has been used to prepare aligned MWNTs bundles [62]. This technique consists in a spray generated by an ultrasonic atomizer. MWNTs with fairly uniform diameters, as well as ahgned MWNT bundles, have been obtained by using solutions of organometallic compounds, such as ferrocine, in benzene, toluene, and other hydrocarbon solvents. The advantage of NSP is the ease of scahng up to an industrial process where the reactants are fed into the furnace continuously. 

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