Distributed capacitance

C and R are the distributed capacitance and resistance per unit length of the RC-line. 

However, an interconnection in reality has distributed capacitance and resistance and is more accurately modeled as ... 

According to eq. 2 a constant current appears in the cyclic voltammogram (CV) when Q is plotted versus U. In real systems such as porous carbon electrodes, both load resistances due to the spatial distributed capacitance in the pores (circuit model in fig.l) and surface functional groups cause a deviation from the rectangular CV-shape. While the first induces a finite time constant in the charging process, the latter are identified by current peaks in the CV [14,6]. The voltage range used for cyclic voltammetry was -0.2 to 0.8 Volt vs.. g/, gCl at a scanrate of 5 mV/s, respectively. 

Liu, B., D. S. Tan, X. F. Wang, D. Chen, and G. Z. Shen. 2013. Flexible, planar-integrated, all-solid-state fiber supercapacitors with an enhanced distributed-capacitance effect. 5maZZ 9 1998-2004. 

Radiative losses are usually minimized by ensuring that all winding lengths are substantially less than the wavelength, and may be reduced further using radiation shields. Innovative designs such as microstrip coils can also reduce radiative losses by combining the function of a shield with that of a distributed capacitance. 

Pulse line accelerators These draw an interrse current from a diode by means of a transmission line from a high-voltage capacitor bank. The capacitor bank and transmission line form a distributed capacitance network. The diode acts as a load through which the energy is discharged. See Modulators. 

Determination of Parameters from Randles Circuit. Electrochemical three-electrode impedance spectra taken on electrochromic materials can very often be fitted to the Randles equivalent circuit (Randles [1947]) displayed in Figure 4.3.17. In this circuit R /denotes the high frequency resistance of the electrolyte, Ra is the charge-transfer resistance associated with the ion injection from the electrolyte into the electrochromic film and Zt, is a Warburg diffusion impedance of either semi-infinite, or finite-length type (Ho et al. [1980]). The CPEdi is a constant phase element describing the distributed capacitance of the electrochemical double layer between the electrolyte and the film having an impedance that can be expressed as... 

Figure 4.3.17. The Randles equivalent circuit, with resistance of a charge-transfer process and the diffusional impedance Z. R f and CPE i are the high frequency resistance and the double layer distributed capacitance, respectively.

At extremely high frequencies, the distributed capacitance of each coil begins to play a role, along with the leakage inductance of each coil (see Fig. 10.8). 

If Cl is 0.01 mfd, then the dashed line does not have to be attached at all, in which case there are only two capacitors. The reason this works is that there is sufficient "distributed capacitance" inside the inductor, and between wires, so there is enough phase change to get oscillations going. (This is similar to the case of slight inductance with even a straight wire, as mentioned on page 179.)... 

No capacitor is needed for the resonant tank circuit, because the "distributed capacitance" of the coil and other wires (sometimes called "stray capacitance") is sufficient for resonating at about 1 MHz. 

Even a straight wire has some slight inductance (briefly mentioned on page 103), and any pair of wires has some slight "distributed capacitance," (examples on pages 184 and 205). For a simple "transmission line" pair of wires, if L and C... 

Fletcher. The classical transmission line is illustrated in Fig. 1.13(a). Note that the distributed capacitance connects a resistive line to a wire of zero resistance. This circuit element is appropriate when there are two types of charge carrier, one of which is very much more mobile than the other. In this model, the more mobile carrier is modeled by the wire of zero resistance, whereas the resistive line describes the less mobile carrier. However from a more general viewpoint, it is preferable to... 

In this expression the first term on the rhs describes the distributed capacitance between polymer strands and aqueous pores. If C is very large, then this term is insignificant, and there will be no potential drop between the polymer and the pore electrolyte. The second term, which arises from the Nemst equation, simply describes the response of the... 

FIGURE 4.4. The dual transmission line with describing the motion of electrons in the polymer and Rx the motion of counterions in the pores is the combined distributed capacitance dominated by the Nemst and Donnan terms. 

A low dielectric constant is particularly desirable for two-sided or multilayer boards used for high-speed computer circuits or other high-speed applications where distributed capacitance is important. For the glass fabric resin systems such as FR4 this can be reduced by increasing the resin-to-glass ratio since the E-glass used has a dielectric constant of 6-1 compared with approximately 3 5 for a typical epoxy resin. Figure 9.6 shows the effect of resin content on dielectric constant. 

Fig. 7 (a) Lumped circuit model approximation of transport described by the diffusion equation. Such a response can be the result of concentration gradients or combined ionic resistance and distributed capacitance, (b) Example of an equivalent circuit model including a finite diffusion element, a series resistance, and capacitance at the interface between the solution and the polymer... 

The transmission lines shown in Fig. 2 are such that the distributed capacitance Cp represents the Poisson branch and parallel branches represent each charged species. Figure 2a describes the single Warburg impedance for a single z+ z salt. This leads to an alternative approach of the charged species movement supposed to follow a difiusion migration process. If the concentrations are supposed to be distance-independent, the impedance is quite easy to obtain. If not, the derivation is more intricate and needs nmnerical techniques. 

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